diff --git a/desktop/README.md b/desktop/README.md
index 8bf74d8..d869ad8 100644
--- a/desktop/README.md
+++ b/desktop/README.md
@@ -1,23 +1,29 @@
 # Rtty Desktop (桌面端)
 
-Rtty 的 Flutter Windows 桌面终端客户端。连接 `rtty-server`（Rust 后端），消费
-服务端下发的**原始 ANSI 二进制帧**，通过 `xterm`（Dart 版 xterm.js）做工业级
-ANSI 渲染，保证对 vim / htop / tmux 等全屏软件 100% 兼容。
+Rtty 的 Flutter Windows 桌面终端客户端。连接 `rtty-server`（Rust 后端），通过
+**`flutter_alacritty`**（Alacritty Rust 引擎的 Flutter 绑定）做 **100% 工业级
+ANSI 渲染**，完美支持 vim / neovim / htop / tmux 等全屏 TUI 应用。
 
 ## 架构
 
 ```
-rtty-server (Rust)
-    │  WebSocket (ws://host:8080/ws)
-    │   • JSON 控制帧 (ready / snapshot / control / error)
-    │   • 二进制帧 = 原始 ANSI 字节流 (PC 端渲染)
+rtty-server (Rust, alacritty_terminal 真相源)
+    │  WebSocket (ws://host:8080/ws?client=desktop)
+    │   • JSON 控制帧 (ready / error / session_closed)
+    │   • 二进制帧 = 原始 ANSI 字节流
     ▼
 rtty-desktop (Flutter / Windows)
-    • RttyClient   —— WebSocket 连接管理 + 协议解析
-    • Terminal     —— xterm 终端网格 / ANSI 解析
-    • ConnectionBar —— 顶部连接控制条
+    • RttyPtyBackend  —— 实现 flutter_alacritty 的 PtyBackend 接口，桥接 WebSocket
+    • TerminalEngine  —— Alacritty Rust 引擎（解析 ANSI / 维护网格 / GPU 渲染）
+    • TerminalView    —— 终端渲染 + 输入/剪贴板/滚动
+    • ConnectionBar   —— 顶部连接控制条
 ```
 
+关键点：`PtyBackend` 抽象正是 `flutter_alacritty` 为远程（WebSocket/SSH）数据源
+预留的扩展点。本地版用 `FlutterPtyBackend`（自带 PTY），本项目用自定义
+`RttyPtyBackend` 把 WebSocket 原始 ANSI 流接入引擎，实现"远程 PTY + 本地
+alacritty 渲染"，服务端与 PC 端共享同一 Alacritty 引擎。
+
 ## 运行
 
 ```bash
@@ -32,6 +38,7 @@ flutter run -d windows
 ## 构建
 
 ```bash
+# release 会连同 Alacritty Rust 引擎一起编译（首次较慢）
 flutter build windows --release
 # 产物：build/windows/x64/runner/Release/rtty_desktop.exe
 ```
@@ -42,14 +49,15 @@ flutter build windows --release
 # Widget 测试（无需服务端）
 flutter test test/widget_test.dart
 
-# 端到端集成测试（需先启动 Rust 服务端）
+# 端到端集成测试（需先启动 Rust 服务端；离线时自动跳过）
 flutter test test/e2e_ws_test.dart
+flutter test test/regression_ws_test.dart
 ```
 
 ## 协议要点
 
-- 连接 `ws://host:port/ws`（可选 `?session=<id>` 复用会话）。
-- 服务端 `ready` 帧携带会话 ID 与初始尺寸，驱动 xterm 网格。
-- PTY 输出以二进制帧下发，桌面端直接喂给 xterm 渲染。
-- 键盘输入与终端回写经 `{"type":"input","data":...}` 发回服务端写入 PTY。
-- 窗口尺寸变化时发送 `{"type":"resize","cols":..,"rows":..}` 同步网格。
+- 连接 `ws://host:port/ws?client=desktop`（`client` 声明端类型，实现多端解耦）。
+- 服务端 `ready` 帧携带会话 ID 与初始尺寸，驱动引擎网格。
+- PTY 输出以二进制帧下发，经 `RttyPtyBackend.output` 喂给引擎渲染。
+- 键盘输入由引擎产生，经 `RttyPtyBackend.write` 发回服务端写入远端 PTY。
+- 窗口尺寸变化经 `TerminalView.onPtyResize` → `RttyPtyBackend.resize` 同步。
diff --git a/desktop/lib/src/connection_bar.dart b/desktop/lib/src/connection_bar.dart
index c75e961..e25971d 100644
--- a/desktop/lib/src/connection_bar.dart
+++ b/desktop/lib/src/connection_bar.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 
-import 'rtty_client.dart';
+import 'rtty_pty_backend.dart';
 import 'theme.dart';
 
 /// 顶部连接控制条。
diff --git a/desktop/lib/src/rtty_client.dart b/desktop/lib/src/rtty_client.dart
deleted file mode 100644
index 25a6a63..0000000
--- a/desktop/lib/src/rtty_client.dart
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-import 'dart:async';
-import 'dart:convert';
-
-import 'package:web_socket_channel/io.dart';
-import 'package:web_socket_channel/web_socket_channel.dart';
-import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';
-
-/// 连接状态。
-enum ConnState { disconnected, connecting, connected, error }
-
-/// WebSocket 终端客户端。
-///
-/// 负责与 Rtty 服务端建立连接：
-/// - 消费服务端的 JSON 控制帧（ready / snapshot / control / error / session_closed）；
-/// - 把 PTY 输出的原始 ANSI 二进制帧交给 [Terminal] 渲染；
-/// - 把终端产生的输出（用户键入 + 控制序列响应）以 `input` 消息发回服务端。
-class RttyClient {
-  RttyClient(this.terminal) {
-    // xterm 需要把终端输出（键入、控制序列响应）回传给后端。
-    terminal.onOutput = _handleTerminalOutput;
-  }
-
-  final Terminal terminal;
-
-  WebSocketChannel? _channel;
-  StreamSubscription? _sub;
-
-  ConnState _state = ConnState.disconnected;
-  ConnState get state => _state;
-
-  String? _sessionId;
-  String? get sessionId => _sessionId;
-
-  String? _error;
-  String? get error => _error;
-
-  bool get isConnected => _state == ConnState.connected;
-
-  /// 状态变化回调。
-  void Function(ConnState state)? onStateChanged;
-
-  /// 就绪回调（收到 ready 帧，携带会话 ID 与初始尺寸）。
-  void Function(String id, int cols, int rows)? onReady;
-
-  /// 会话结束回调。
-  void Function()? onSessionClosed;
-
-  /// 原始 ANSI 数据回调（用于调试 / 集成测试）。
-  void Function(String data)? onRawData;
-
-  /// 连接到服务端。
-  Future<void> connect({
-    required String host,
-    required int port,
-    String? session,
-  }) async {
-    await disconnect();
-
-    _setState(ConnState.connecting);
-    _error = null;
-
-    final query = session != null && session.isNotEmpty
-        ? '?session=${Uri.encodeQueryComponent(session)}'
-        : '';
-    final uri = Uri.parse('ws://$host:$port/ws$query');
-
-    try {
-      _channel = IOWebSocketChannel.connect(uri);
-      _sub = _channel!.stream.listen(
-        _handleIncoming,
-        onError: (Object e) {
-          _error = e.toString();
-          _setState(ConnState.error);
-        },
-        onDone: () {
-          if (_state == ConnState.connected) {
-            _setState(ConnState.disconnected);
-          }
-        },
-      );
-      _setState(ConnState.connected);
-    } catch (e) {
-      _error = e.toString();
-      _setState(ConnState.error);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /// 断开连接。
-  Future<void> disconnect() async {
-    await _sub?.cancel();
-    _sub = null;
-    await _channel?.sink.close();
-    _channel = null;
-    _sessionId = null;
-    if (_state != ConnState.disconnected) {
-      _setState(ConnState.disconnected);
-    }
-  }
-
-  void _handleIncoming(dynamic message) {
-    if (message is List<int>) {
-      // PC 端原始 ANSI 字节流。
-      final text = utf8.decode(message, allowMalformed: true);
-      onRawData?.call(text);
-      terminal.write(text);
-    } else if (message is String) {
-      _handleJsonFrame(message);
-    }
-  }
-
-  void _handleJsonFrame(String text) {
-    final Object? decoded;
-    try {
-      decoded = jsonDecode(text);
-    } catch (_) {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (decoded is! Map<String, dynamic>) return;
-
-    switch (decoded['type']) {
-      case 'ready':
-        final id = decoded['id'] as String? ?? '';
-        final cols = (decoded['cols'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? terminal.viewWidth;
-        final rows = (decoded['rows'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? terminal.viewHeight;
-        _sessionId = id;
-        _setState(ConnState.connected);
-        onReady?.call(id, cols, rows);
-      case 'mobile_snapshot':
-        // 桌面端使用原始 ANSI 渲染，忽略语义化快照。
-        break;
-      case 'control_response':
-      case 'error':
-      case 'session_closed':
-        onSessionClosed?.call();
-        _setState(ConnState.disconnected);
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /// xterm 需要把终端输出回传给后端。
-  void _handleTerminalOutput(String data) {
-    if (!isConnected || _channel == null) return;
-    final frame = jsonEncode({'type': 'input', 'data': data});
-    _channel!.sink.add(frame);
-  }
-
-  /// 发送 resize 指令。
-  void sendResize(int cols, int rows) {
-    if (!isConnected || _channel == null) return;
-    final frame = jsonEncode({'type': 'resize', 'cols': cols, 'rows': rows});
-    _channel!.sink.add(frame);
-  }
-
-  /// 发送原始输入字节到服务端（写入 PTY）。
-  void sendInput(String data) {
-    if (!isConnected || _channel == null) return;
-    final frame = jsonEncode({'type': 'input', 'data': data});
-    _channel!.sink.add(frame);
-  }
-
-  void _setState(ConnState state) {
-    if (_state == state) return;
-    _state = state;
-    onStateChanged?.call(state);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/desktop/lib/src/rtty_pty_backend.dart b/desktop/lib/src/rtty_pty_backend.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f91739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/desktop/lib/src/rtty_pty_backend.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_alacritty/flutter_alacritty.dart';
+import 'package:web_socket_channel/io.dart';
+import 'package:web_socket_channel/web_socket_channel.dart';
+
+/// 连接状态。
+enum ConnState { disconnected, connecting, connected, error }
+
+/// 将 Rtty Rust 服务端桥接为 flutter_alacritty 的 [PtyBackend]。
+///
+/// 这正是该库为远程（WebSocket/SSH）数据源预留的扩展点：
+/// - [output]：把 WebSocket 二进制帧（服务端原始 ANSI）作为 PTY 输出流；
+/// - [write]：把引擎产生的输入字节发回服务端写入远端 PTY；
+/// - [resize]：同步终端尺寸到服务端；
+/// - [exitCode]：服务端会话结束时完成。
+class RttyPtyBackend implements PtyBackend {
+  RttyPtyBackend();
+
+  final StreamController<Uint8List> _outputCtl =
+      StreamController<Uint8List>.broadcast();
+  final Completer<int> _exitCodeCtl = Completer<int>();
+
+  WebSocketChannel? _channel;
+  StreamSubscription? _sub;
+
+  ConnState _state = ConnState.disconnected;
+  ConnState get state => _state;
+
+  String? _sessionId;
+  String? get sessionId => _sessionId;
+
+  String? _error;
+  String? get error => _error;
+
+  /// 就绪回调（收到 ready 帧，携带会话 ID 与初始尺寸）。
+  void Function(String id, int cols, int rows)? onReady;
+
+  /// 状态变化回调。
+  void Function(ConnState state)? onStateChanged;
+
+  @override
+  Stream<Uint8List> get output => _outputCtl.stream;
+
+  @override
+  Future<int> get exitCode => _exitCodeCtl.future;
+
+  @override
+  ValueListenable<bool>? get isForegroundProcessRunning => null;
+
+  /// 连接到 Rtty 服务端。
+  Future<void> connect({
+    required String host,
+    required int port,
+    String? session,
+  }) async {
+    await close();
+
+    _setState(ConnState.connecting);
+    _error = null;
+
+    final query = (session != null && session.isNotEmpty)
+        ? '?session=${Uri.encodeQueryComponent(session)}&client=desktop'
+        : '?client=desktop';
+    final uri = Uri.parse('ws://$host:$port/ws$query');
+
+    try {
+      _channel = IOWebSocketChannel.connect(uri);
+      _sub = _channel!.stream.listen(
+        _handleIncoming,
+        onError: (Object e) {
+          _error = e.toString();
+          _setState(ConnState.error);
+        },
+        onDone: () {
+          if (!_exitCodeCtl.isCompleted) _exitCodeCtl.complete(0);
+          if (_state == ConnState.connected) _setState(ConnState.disconnected);
+        },
+      );
+      _setState(ConnState.connected);
+    } catch (e) {
+      _error = e.toString();
+      if (!_exitCodeCtl.isCompleted) _exitCodeCtl.complete(1);
+      _setState(ConnState.error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _handleIncoming(dynamic message) {
+    if (message is List<int>) {
+      // PC 端原始 ANSI 字节流 → 喂给引擎渲染。
+      _outputCtl.add(Uint8List.fromList(message));
+    } else if (message is String) {
+      _handleJsonFrame(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _handleJsonFrame(String text) {
+    final Object? decoded;
+    try {
+      decoded = jsonDecode(text);
+    } catch (_) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (decoded is! Map<String, dynamic>) return;
+
+    switch (decoded['type']) {
+      case 'ready':
+        _sessionId = decoded['id'] as String? ?? '';
+        final cols = (decoded['cols'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? 80;
+        final rows = (decoded['rows'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? 24;
+        _setState(ConnState.connected);
+        onReady?.call(_sessionId ?? '', cols, rows);
+      case 'mobile_snapshot':
+        // 桌面端使用原始 ANSI 渲染，忽略语义化快照。
+        break;
+      case 'error':
+      case 'session_closed':
+        if (!_exitCodeCtl.isCompleted) _exitCodeCtl.complete(0);
+        _setState(ConnState.disconnected);
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void write(Uint8List data) {
+    if (_state != ConnState.connected || _channel == null) return;
+    _channel!.sink.add(jsonEncode({
+      'type': 'input',
+      'data': utf8.decode(data, allowMalformed: true),
+    }));
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void resize(int rows, int columns) {
+    if (_state != ConnState.connected || _channel == null) return;
+    _channel!.sink
+        .add(jsonEncode({'type': 'resize', 'cols': columns, 'rows': rows}));
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void kill() {
+    close();
+  }
+
+  /// 关闭连接并释放资源。
+  Future<void> close() async {
+    await _sub?.cancel();
+    _sub = null;
+    await _channel?.sink.close();
+    _channel = null;
+    _sessionId = null;
+    if (!_exitCodeCtl.isCompleted) _exitCodeCtl.complete(0);
+    if (_state != ConnState.disconnected) _setState(ConnState.disconnected);
+  }
+
+  void _setState(ConnState state) {
+    if (_state == state) return;
+    _state = state;
+    onStateChanged?.call(state);
+  }
+
+  void dispose() {
+    close();
+    _outputCtl.close();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/desktop/lib/src/terminal_config.dart b/desktop/lib/src/terminal_config.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c649740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/desktop/lib/src/terminal_config.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import 'package:flutter_alacritty/flutter_alacritty.dart';
+
+/// 将 [RttyTheme] 的工业终端配色映射为 flutter_alacritty 的 [TerminalConfig]。
+class RttyTerminalConfig {
+  RttyTerminalConfig._();
+
+  static TerminalConfig build() {
+    final defaults = TerminalConfig.defaults();
+    return defaults.copyWith(
+      colors: const TerminalColors(
+        background: 0xFF0B0E11,
+        foreground: 0xFFCBD5DF,
+        selection: 0x553A6EA5,
+        ansi: [
+          0xFF0B0E11, // black
+          0xFFE5534B, // red
+          0xFF3DDC97, // green
+          0xFFFFB454, // yellow
+          0xFF5AB0FF, // blue
+          0xFFD77BFF, // magenta
+          0xFF4ED6E0, // cyan
+          0xFFDDE6EE, // white
+          0xFF4A5866, // bright black
+          0xFFFF6B6B, // bright red
+          0xFF6BFFC2, // bright green
+          0xFFFFCE7A, // bright yellow
+          0xFF82C4FF, // bright blue
+          0xFFE8A6FF, // bright magenta
+          0xFF82EDF4, // bright cyan
+          0xFFFFFDF8, // bright white
+        ],
+        searchMatchBg: 0xFFB45454,
+        searchMatchFg: 0xFF14100A,
+        searchFocusedBg: 0xFFFFB454,
+        searchFocusedFg: 0xFF14100A,
+        hintStartFg: 0xFF14100A,
+        hintStartBg: 0xFFFFB454,
+        cursorText: 0xFF06130D,
+        cursorBody: 0xFF3DDC97,
+      ),
+      font: const FontConfig(
+        family: 'Consolas',
+        fallback: ['Cascadia Mono', 'JetBrains Mono', 'Menlo', 'monospace'],
+        size: 14.0,
+        lineHeight: 1.15,
+      ),
+      scrolling: defaults.scrolling.copyWith(history: 10000),
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/desktop/lib/src/terminal_screen.dart b/desktop/lib/src/terminal_screen.dart
index 0c9ee7a..f8f92eb 100644
--- a/desktop/lib/src/terminal_screen.dart
+++ b/desktop/lib/src/terminal_screen.dart
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_alacritty/flutter_alacritty.dart';
 
 import 'connection_bar.dart';
-import 'rtty_client.dart';
+import 'rtty_pty_backend.dart';
+import 'terminal_config.dart';
 import 'theme.dart';
 
 /// 主终端页面。
 ///
-/// 组织连接控制条 + xterm 终端渲染区 + 底部状态栏。
-/// 断开时展示终端提示页，连接后进入实时渲染。
+/// 使用 `flutter_alacritty` 的 Rust 引擎（TerminalEngine + TerminalView）渲染，
+/// 通过 [RttyPtyBackend] 桥接远程 Rtty Rust 服务端的 WebSocket 数据流。
+/// 断开时展示终端提示页，连接后进入实时工业级 ANSI 渲染。
 class TerminalScreen extends StatefulWidget {
   const TerminalScreen({super.key});
 
@@ -17,8 +19,12 @@ class TerminalScreen extends StatefulWidget {
 }
 
 class _TerminalScreenState extends State<TerminalScreen> {
-  late final Terminal _terminal;
-  late final RttyClient _client;
+  late final TerminalConfig _config;
+  TerminalEngine? _engine;
+  TerminalController _controller = TerminalController();
+  final FocusNode _focus = FocusNode();
+
+  RttyPtyBackend? _backend;
 
   final _host = TextEditingController(text: '127.0.0.1');
   final _port = TextEditingController(text: '8080');
@@ -32,32 +38,17 @@ class _TerminalScreenState extends State<TerminalScreen> {
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
-    _terminal = Terminal(onOutput: (_) {});
-    _client = RttyClient(_terminal);
-    _client.onStateChanged = (s) => setState(() => _state = s);
-    _client.onReady = (id, cols, rows) {
-      setState(() {
-        _sessionId = id;
-        _cols = cols;
-        _rows = rows;
-      });
-    };
-    _client.onSessionClosed = () {
-      if (mounted) {
-        setState(() {
-          _state = ConnState.disconnected;
-          _sessionId = null;
-        });
-      }
-    };
+    _config = RttyTerminalConfig.build();
   }
 
   @override
   void dispose() {
-    _client.disconnect();
+    _tearDownSession();
     _host.dispose();
     _port.dispose();
     _session.dispose();
+    _controller.dispose();
+    _focus.dispose();
     super.dispose();
   }
 
@@ -67,17 +58,65 @@ class _TerminalScreenState extends State<TerminalScreen> {
     final session = _session.text.trim();
     if (host.isEmpty) return;
 
-    _terminal.write('\x1b[2J\x1b[H');
-    await _client.connect(host: host, port: port, session: session);
+    _tearDownSession();
+
+    setState(() {
+      _engine = TerminalEngine(config: _config);
+      _controller = TerminalController()..attach(_engine!);
+      _backend = RttyPtyBackend();
+    });
+
+    _backend!.onStateChanged = (s) {
+      if (!mounted) return;
+      setState(() => _state = s);
+      if (s == ConnState.disconnected || s == ConnState.error) {
+        _sessionId = null;
+      }
+    };
+    _backend!.onReady = (id, cols, rows) {
+      if (!mounted) return;
+      setState(() {
+        _sessionId = id;
+        _cols = cols;
+        _rows = rows;
+      });
+    };
+
+    await _backend!.connect(host: host, port: port, session: session);
   }
 
-  Future<void> _disconnect() => _client.disconnect();
+  void _disconnect() => _tearDownSession();
+
+  void _tearDownSession() {
+    final b = _backend;
+    if (b != null) {
+      b.onStateChanged = null;
+      b.onReady = null;
+      b.kill();
+      b.dispose();
+    }
+    _backend = null;
+    _engine?.dispose();
+    _engine = null;
+    _sessionId = null;
+    _state = ConnState.disconnected;
+  }
+
+  void _handlePtyResize(int cols, int rows) {
+    final b = _backend;
+    if (b == null) return;
+    b.resize(rows, cols);
+    if (mounted) {
+      setState(() {
+        _cols = cols;
+        _rows = rows;
+      });
+    }
+  }
 
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    final sizeText = _state == ConnState.connected
-        ? '$_cols × $_rows'
-        : '—';
+    final sizeText = _state == ConnState.connected ? '$_cols × $_rows' : '—';
 
     return Scaffold(
       backgroundColor: RttyTheme.background,
@@ -101,92 +140,36 @@ class _TerminalScreenState extends State<TerminalScreen> {
   }
 
   Widget _buildBody() {
-    if (_state == ConnState.connected) {
-      return _TerminalViewport(
-        terminal: _terminal,
-        cols: _cols,
-        rows: _rows,
-        onResize: _handleResize,
+    final engine = _engine;
+    if (_state == ConnState.connected && engine != null) {
+      return Container(
+        color: RttyTheme.background,
+        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
+        child: ClipRRect(
+          borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
+          child: Container(
+            decoration: BoxDecoration(
+              color: RttyTheme.background,
+              border: Border.all(color: RttyTheme.border),
+              borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
+            ),
+            padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(12, 10, 12, 10),
+            child: TerminalView(
+              engine,
+              controller: _controller,
+              focusNode: _focus,
+              autofocus: true,
+              onPtyResize: _handlePtyResize,
+              theme: _config.theme,
+              textStyle: _config.style,
+              mouseCursor: SystemMouseCursors.text,
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
       );
     }
     return _IdlePane(state: _state);
   }
-
-  void _handleResize(int cols, int rows) {
-    setState(() {
-      _cols = cols;
-      _rows = rows;
-    });
-    _client.sendResize(cols, rows);
-  }
-}
-
-/// 终端渲染视口。监听尺寸变化并同步给服务端。
-class _TerminalViewport extends StatefulWidget {
-  const _TerminalViewport({
-    required this.terminal,
-    required this.cols,
-    required this.rows,
-    required this.onResize,
-  });
-
-  final Terminal terminal;
-  final int cols;
-  final int rows;
-  final void Function(int cols, int rows) onResize;
-
-  @override
-  State<_TerminalViewport> createState() => _TerminalViewportState();
-}
-
-class _TerminalViewportState extends State<_TerminalViewport> {
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    return LayoutBuilder(
-      builder: (context, constraints) {
-        // 估算每格宽高，把像素尺寸转成网格尺寸并触发 resize。
-        final style = RttyTheme.terminalStyle();
-        final fontSize = style.fontSize;
-        final colWidth = fontSize * 0.62;
-        final rowHeight = fontSize * style.height;
-
-        final cols = (constraints.maxWidth / colWidth).floor().clamp(20, 500);
-        final rows =
-            (constraints.maxHeight / rowHeight).floor().clamp(5, 300);
-
-        // 网格变化时通知服务端。
-        if (cols != widget.cols || rows != widget.rows) {
-          WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
-            widget.terminal.resize(cols, rows);
-            widget.onResize(cols, rows);
-          });
-        }
-
-        return Container(
-          color: RttyTheme.background,
-          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
-          child: ClipRRect(
-            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
-            child: Container(
-              decoration: BoxDecoration(
-                color: RttyTheme.background,
-                border: Border.all(color: RttyTheme.border),
-                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
-              ),
-              padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(12, 10, 12, 10),
-              child: TerminalView(
-                widget.terminal,
-                theme: RttyTheme.terminal(),
-                textStyle: style,
-                autofocus: true,
-                mouseCursor: SystemMouseCursors.text,
-              ),
-            ),
-          ),
-        );
-      },
-    );
-  }
 }
 
 /// 未连接时的提示面板。
@@ -325,7 +308,7 @@ class _StatusBar extends StatelessWidget {
           _Hint('Ctrl+Shift+C / V 复制粘贴', RttyTheme.textFaint),
           Spacer(),
           Text(
-            'FLUTTER × XTERM TERMINAL',
+            'FLUTTER × ALACRITTY ENGINE',
             style: TextStyle(color: RttyTheme.textFaint, fontSize: 10),
           ),
         ],
diff --git a/desktop/lib/src/theme.dart b/desktop/lib/src/theme.dart
index 2bd7669..500cbe3 100644
--- a/desktop/lib/src/theme.dart
+++ b/desktop/lib/src/theme.dart
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';
 
 /// Rtty 桌面端主题。
 ///
@@ -44,39 +43,4 @@ class RttyTheme {
       ),
     );
   }
-
-  /// xterm 终端主题。
-  static TerminalTheme terminal() => TerminalTheme(
-        cursor: primary,
-        selection: const Color(0xFF2A5566).withValues(alpha: 0.45),
-        searchHitBackground: accent.withValues(alpha: 0.25),
-        searchHitBackgroundCurrent: accent,
-        searchHitForeground: const Color(0xFF14100A),
-        foreground: const Color(0xFFCBD5DF),
-        background: const Color(0xFF0B0E11),
-        black: const Color(0xFF0B0E11),
-        white: const Color(0xFFDDE6EE),
-        red: const Color(0xFFE5534B),
-        green: const Color(0xFF3DDC97),
-        yellow: const Color(0xFFFFB454),
-        blue: const Color(0xFF5AB0FF),
-        magenta: const Color(0xFFD77BFF),
-        cyan: const Color(0xFF4ED6E0),
-        brightBlack: const Color(0xFF4A5866),
-        brightRed: const Color(0xFFFF6B6B),
-        brightGreen: const Color(0xFF6BFFC2),
-        brightYellow: const Color(0xFFFFCE7A),
-        brightBlue: const Color(0xFF82C4FF),
-        brightMagenta: const Color(0xFFE8A6FF),
-        brightCyan: const Color(0xFF82EDF4),
-        brightWhite: const Color(0xFFFFFDF8),
-      );
-
-  /// xterm 终端字体。
-  static TerminalStyle terminalStyle() => const TerminalStyle(
-        fontFamily: 'Consolas',
-        fontFamilyFallback: ['Cascadia Mono', 'JetBrains Mono', 'Menlo'],
-        fontSize: 14,
-        height: 1.15,
-      );
 }
diff --git a/desktop/pubspec.lock b/desktop/pubspec.lock
index 5721623..52aa674 100644
--- a/desktop/pubspec.lock
+++ b/desktop/pubspec.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,22 @@
 # Generated by pub
 # See https://dart.dev/tools/pub/glossary#lockfile
 packages:
+  adaptive_number:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: adaptive_number
+      sha256: "3a567544e9b5c9c803006f51140ad544aedc79604fd4f3f2c1380003f97c1d77"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.0.0"
+  args:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: args
+      sha256: d0481093c50b1da8910eb0bb301626d4d8eb7284aa739614d2b394ee09e3ea04
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.7.0"
   async:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -17,6 +33,14 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "2.1.2"
+  build_cli_annotations:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: build_cli_annotations
+      sha256: e563c2e01de8974566a1998410d3f6f03521788160a02503b0b1f1a46c7b3d95
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.1.1"
   characters:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -33,6 +57,14 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "1.1.2"
+  code_assets:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: code_assets
+      sha256: bf394f466ba9205f1812a0433b392d6af280f155f56651eda7c18cc32ed493b8
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.2.1"
   collection:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -49,6 +81,14 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "3.1.2"
+  cross_file:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: cross_file
+      sha256: "92c9c43c383bfa1c32079d3bc492d55d6d4318044b7b47edaff8971cbb555c51"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "0.3.5+4"
   crypto:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -65,14 +105,22 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "1.0.9"
-  equatable:
+  desktop_drop:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
-      name: equatable
-      sha256: "3bce007a596ff8b3119c45d68aaef631272537c03d30e5d4534dd24bf4c5eaa2"
+      name: desktop_drop
+      sha256: aa1e797255bfbc76f9eb5aa4f61e5b68dbf69962ab1be6495816d2f251bc0d1f
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
-    version: "2.1.0"
+    version: "0.7.1"
+  ed25519_edwards:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: ed25519_edwards
+      sha256: "6ce0112d131327ec6d42beede1e5dfd526069b18ad45dcf654f15074ad9276cd"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "0.3.1"
   fake_async:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -81,11 +129,35 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "1.3.3"
+  ffi:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: ffi
+      sha256: "6d7fd89431262d8f3125e81b50d3847a091d846eafcd4fdb88dd06f36d705a45"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.2.0"
+  fixnum:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: fixnum
+      sha256: b6dc7065e46c974bc7c5f143080a6764ec7a4be6da1285ececdc37be96de53be
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.1.1"
   flutter:
     dependency: "direct main"
     description: flutter
     source: sdk
     version: "0.0.0"
+  flutter_alacritty:
+    dependency: "direct main"
+    description:
+      name: flutter_alacritty
+      sha256: "0a4eaaecf09fd86ac3d6bf6cc9b82ace49ba888799fc27934982baedd8512c2d"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.4.0"
   flutter_lints:
     dependency: "direct dev"
     description:
@@ -94,11 +166,96 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "6.0.0"
+  flutter_pty_new:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: flutter_pty_new
+      sha256: "8894d9e7b4e85af5d6c080bc18d14956a0023e8394f96e81e8ab5c3528e7a0c2"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.0.0"
+  flutter_rust_bridge:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: flutter_rust_bridge
+      sha256: e87d6b9ee934dcd24a128ccb2bd91905d2d5fe5c06245d6a8f5477d4907a437a
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.12.0"
   flutter_test:
     dependency: "direct dev"
     description: flutter
     source: sdk
     version: "0.0.0"
+  flutter_web_plugins:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description: flutter
+    source: sdk
+    version: "0.0.0"
+  freezed_annotation:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: freezed_annotation
+      sha256: "7294967ff0a6d98638e7acb774aac3af2550777accd8149c90af5b014e6d44d8"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.1.0"
+  hooks:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: hooks
+      sha256: "9a62a50b50b769a737bc0a8ff381f333529df3ab746b2f6b02e83760231455ba"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.0.2"
+  http:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: http
+      sha256: "87721a4a50b19c7f1d49001e51409bddc46303966ce89a65af4f4e6004896412"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.6.0"
+  http_parser:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: http_parser
+      sha256: "178d74305e7866013777bab2c3d8726205dc5a4dd935297175b19a23a2e66571"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "4.1.2"
+  jni:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: jni
+      sha256: f038e58b4dc2c9037f50e233175086337e0b305e356d28211bf55f21c504cbd3
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.0.3"
+  jni_flutter:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: jni_flutter
+      sha256: "7b717011ea40d04fd47c2731d3d1d36eb99eba3435c2753d62489e8c3c9991d5"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.0.2"
+  jni_util:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: jni_util
+      sha256: "1ba86da04a5f2bf18fde2edb235587e70c5b0fc5bd4ba955f46b00942c3fc35f"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.0.0"
+  json_annotation:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: json_annotation
+      sha256: "2a743920d81b7910627f68ee2c9ac1fc0bfee32b9fc3403587d7c6791ca12f80"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "4.12.0"
   leak_tracker:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -131,6 +288,14 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "6.1.0"
+  logging:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: logging
+      sha256: c8245ada5f1717ed44271ed1c26b8ce85ca3228fd2ffdb75468ab01979309d61
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.3.0"
   matcher:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -155,6 +320,22 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "1.18.0"
+  objective_c:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: objective_c
+      sha256: b7fb95a6d9a4f009edd63dc5ac69f07420b23a16161c6dd8660290b59c602e8e
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "9.5.0"
+  package_config:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: package_config
+      sha256: ffcf4cf3d6c0b74ac43708d9f56625506e8a68aa935abe9d267a7330f320eb5d
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.0.0"
   path:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -163,14 +344,102 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "1.9.1"
-  quiver:
+  path_provider:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
-      name: quiver
-      sha256: ea0b925899e64ecdfbf9c7becb60d5b50e706ade44a85b2363be2a22d88117d2
+      name: path_provider
+      sha256: a7f4874f987173da295a61c181b8ee71dab59b332a486b391babf26a1b884825
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
-    version: "3.2.2"
+    version: "2.1.6"
+  path_provider_android:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: path_provider_android
+      sha256: "69cbd515a62b94d32a7944f086b2f82b4ac40a1d45bebfc00813a430ab2dabcd"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.3.1"
+  path_provider_foundation:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: path_provider_foundation
+      sha256: "2a376b7d6392d80cd3705782d2caa734ca4727776db0b6ec36ef3f1855197699"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.6.0"
+  path_provider_linux:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: path_provider_linux
+      sha256: "58c2005f147315b11e9b4a7bc889cd5203e250cba8e3f012dae259b4972b5c16"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.2.2"
+  path_provider_platform_interface:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: path_provider_platform_interface
+      sha256: "484838772624c3a4b94f1e44a3e19897fee738f2d5c4ce448443b0417f7c9dda"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.1.3"
+  path_provider_windows:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: path_provider_windows
+      sha256: bd6f00dbd873bfb70d0761682da2b3a2c2fccc2b9e84c495821639601d81afe7
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.3.0"
+  petitparser:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: petitparser
+      sha256: "91bd59303e9f769f108f8df05e371341b15d59e995e6806aefab827b58336675"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "7.0.2"
+  platform:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: platform
+      sha256: "5d6b1b0036a5f331ebc77c850ebc8506cbc1e9416c27e59b439f917a902a4984"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.1.6"
+  plugin_platform_interface:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: plugin_platform_interface
+      sha256: "4820fbfdb9478b1ebae27888254d445073732dae3d6ea81f0b7e06d5dedc3f02"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.1.8"
+  pub_semver:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: pub_semver
+      sha256: "5bfcf68ca79ef689f8990d1160781b4bad40a3bd5e5218ad4076ddb7f4081585"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.2.0"
+  record_use:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: record_use
+      sha256: "2551bd8eecfe95d14ae75f6021ad0248be5c27f138c2ec12fcb52b500b3ba1ed"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "0.6.0"
+  rust_lib_flutter_alacritty:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: rust_lib_flutter_alacritty
+      sha256: "258f038b57e2c9548ab901624971f8dd05973f07858f7662158504c72a9dd7b6"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "0.2.2"
   sky_engine:
     dependency: transitive
     description: flutter
@@ -224,6 +493,14 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "0.7.11"
+  toml:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: toml
+      sha256: "35a35f782228656a2af31e8c73d1353cc4ef3d683fd68af1111b44631879c05e"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "0.18.0"
   typed_data:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -232,6 +509,78 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "1.4.0"
+  universal_platform:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: universal_platform
+      sha256: "64e16458a0ea9b99260ceb5467a214c1f298d647c659af1bff6d3bf82536b1ec"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.1.0"
+  url_launcher:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher
+      sha256: f6a7e5c4835bb4e3026a04793a4199ca2d14c739ec378fdfe23fc8075d0439f8
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "6.3.2"
+  url_launcher_android:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_android
+      sha256: b413d49b73867ac08dd2f9890efd3cc11f2a0e577618d50843440a1fb3776c32
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "6.3.32"
+  url_launcher_ios:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_ios
+      sha256: "580fe5dfb51671ae38191d316e027f6b76272b026370708c2d898799750a02b0"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "6.4.1"
+  url_launcher_linux:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_linux
+      sha256: d5e14138b3bc193a0f63c10a53c94b91d399df0512b1f29b94a043db7482384a
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.2.2"
+  url_launcher_macos:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_macos
+      sha256: "368adf46f71ad3c21b8f06614adb38346f193f3a59ba8fe9a2fd74133070ba18"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.2.5"
+  url_launcher_platform_interface:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_platform_interface
+      sha256: "552f8a1e663569be95a8190206a38187b531910283c3e982193e4f2733f01029"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.3.2"
+  url_launcher_web:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_web
+      sha256: "85c81589622fbc87c1c683aaea164d3604a7777495a79d91e39ffcdec39ddb34"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "2.4.3"
+  url_launcher_windows:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: url_launcher_windows
+      sha256: "712c70ab1b99744ff066053cbe3e80c73332b38d46e5e945c98689b2e66fc15f"
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.1.5"
   vector_math:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
@@ -272,22 +621,22 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
     version: "3.0.3"
-  xterm:
-    dependency: "direct main"
-    description:
-      name: xterm
-      sha256: "168dfedca77cba33fdb6f52e2cd001e9fde216e398e89335c19b524bb22da3a2"
-      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
-    source: hosted
-    version: "4.0.0"
-  zmodem:
+  xdg_directories:
     dependency: transitive
     description:
-      name: zmodem
-      sha256: "3b7e5b29f3a7d8aee472029b05165a68438eff2f3f7766edf13daba1e297adbf"
+      name: xdg_directories
+      sha256: "7a3f37b05d989967cdddcbb571f1ea834867ae2faa29725fd085180e0883aa15"
       url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
     source: hosted
-    version: "0.0.6"
+    version: "1.1.0"
+  yaml:
+    dependency: transitive
+    description:
+      name: yaml
+      sha256: b9da305ac7c39faa3f030eccd175340f968459dae4af175130b3fc47e40d76ce
+      url: "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "3.1.3"
 sdks:
   dart: ">=3.12.2 <4.0.0"
-  flutter: ">=3.19.0"
+  flutter: ">=3.44.0"
diff --git a/desktop/pubspec.yaml b/desktop/pubspec.yaml
index bd39845..12d0075 100644
--- a/desktop/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/desktop/pubspec.yaml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ dependencies:
   # Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
   cupertino_icons: ^1.0.8
   web_socket_channel: ^3.0.3
-  xterm: ^4.0.0
+  flutter_alacritty: ^2.4.0
 
 dev_dependencies:
   flutter_test:
diff --git a/desktop/test/e2e_ws_test.dart b/desktop/test/e2e_ws_test.dart
index 53dc01b..d98309f 100644
--- a/desktop/test/e2e_ws_test.dart
+++ b/desktop/test/e2e_ws_test.dart
@@ -1,49 +1,51 @@
-// 端到端集成测试：桌面端连接层 ↔ Rust 服务端。
+// 端到端集成测试：桌面端连接层（RttyPtyBackend）↔ Rust 服务端。
 //
 // 运行前需先启动 Rust 服务端：cd .. && cargo run
 // 运行：flutter test test/e2e_ws_test.dart
-import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
-import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
-import 'package:rtty_desktop/src/rtty_client.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+import 'package:rtty_desktop/src/rtty_pty_backend.dart';
 
 import 'support.dart';
 
 void main() {
   TestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
 
-  test('RttyClient connects to Rust server and renders command output',
+  test('RttyPtyBackend connects to Rust server and receives raw ANSI output',
       () async {
     if (!await isServerUp('127.0.0.1', 8080)) {
       markTestSkipped('Rtty server not running');
       return;
     }
-    final terminal = Terminal();
-    final client = RttyClient(terminal);
+    final backend = RttyPtyBackend();
 
     final states = <ConnState>[];
     String? sessionId;
     final raw = StringBuffer();
-    client.onStateChanged = (s) => states.add(s);
-    client.onReady = (id, cols, rows) => sessionId = '$id:$cols:$rows';
-    client.onRawData = (d) => raw.write(d);
+    backend.onStateChanged = (s) => states.add(s);
+    backend.onReady = (id, cols, rows) => sessionId = '$id:$cols:$rows';
+    backend.output.listen((Uint8List b) {
+      raw.write(String.fromCharCodes(b));
+    });
 
-    await client.connect(host: '127.0.0.1', port: 8080);
+    await backend.connect(host: '127.0.0.1', port: 8080);
 
     // 等待连接就绪（socket 已连接 + 收到 ready 帧）。
     final deadline = DateTime.now().add(const Duration(seconds: 5));
-    while ((!client.isConnected || sessionId == null) &&
+    while ((backend.state != ConnState.connected || sessionId == null) &&
         DateTime.now().isBefore(deadline)) {
       await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 100));
     }
 
-    expect(client.isConnected, isTrue,
+    expect(backend.state, ConnState.connected,
         reason: '未能连接服务端 states=$states');
-    expect(sessionId, isNotNull,
-        reason: '未收到 ready 帧 states=$states');
+    expect(sessionId, isNotNull, reason: '未收到 ready 帧 states=$states');
 
     // 发送命令，等待回显。
-    client.sendInput('echo RTTY_E2E_${DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch}\r\n');
+    backend.write(Uint8List.fromList(
+        'echo RTTY_E2E_${DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch}\r\n'.codeUnits));
 
     String? matchedLine;
     final outDeadline = DateTime.now().add(const Duration(seconds: 8));
@@ -57,9 +59,9 @@ void main() {
 
     expect(matchedLine, isNotNull,
         reason: '未捕获到命令回显。流末尾：'
-            '${raw.toString().split('').length > 200 ? raw.toString().substring(raw.toString().length - 200) : raw.toString()}');
+            '${raw.toString().length > 200 ? raw.toString().substring(raw.toString().length - 200) : raw.toString()}');
 
-    await client.disconnect();
-    expect(client.state, ConnState.disconnected);
+    await backend.close();
+    expect(backend.state, ConnState.disconnected);
   });
 }
diff --git a/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc b/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc
index 8b6d468..a3237bf 100644
--- a/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc
+++ b/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
 
 #include "generated_plugin_registrant.h"
 
+#include <desktop_drop/desktop_drop_plugin.h>
+#include <url_launcher_windows/url_launcher_windows.h>
 
 void RegisterPlugins(flutter::PluginRegistry* registry) {
+  DesktopDropPluginRegisterWithRegistrar(
+      registry->GetRegistrarForPlugin("DesktopDropPlugin"));
+  UrlLauncherWindowsRegisterWithRegistrar(
+      registry->GetRegistrarForPlugin("UrlLauncherWindows"));
 }
diff --git a/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake b/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake
index b93c4c3..4a944d1 100644
--- a/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake
+++ b/desktop/windows/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake
@@ -3,9 +3,14 @@
 #
 
 list(APPEND FLUTTER_PLUGIN_LIST
+  desktop_drop
+  url_launcher_windows
 )
 
 list(APPEND FLUTTER_FFI_PLUGIN_LIST
+  flutter_pty_new
+  jni
+  rust_lib_flutter_alacritty
 )
 
 set(PLUGIN_BUNDLED_LIBRARIES)