feat: 解决python虚拟环境问题

README.md

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ React 页面沿用该原型作为视觉基线：1040px 主容器、紧凑指标
 - `/api/v1/events` 使用 SSE 推送运行状态和日志增量，前端断线时自动回退到轮询。
 - 运行历史支持按状态和触发方式筛选，并支持下载完整日志。
 - 敏感环境变量和敏感 Header 的值不会写入系统日志，输出中的匹配值会替换为 `[REDACTED]`。
+- Python 脚本支持显式虚拟环境配置，并会自动向上探测 `.venv`、`venv`、`env`。
+- 执行前会校验 `pyvenv.cfg` 和 `Scripts/python.exe`，优先使用虚拟环境解释器，并注入 PATH、`VIRTUAL_ENV` 和无缓冲输出设置。
 - 日志支持保留期限和总容量清理，单次日志仍有 5 MiB 上限。
 - React 页面已接入真实任务列表、搜索筛选、分页、CRUD、启停、手动运行、运行历史和日志轮询。
 - 三类 Action 使用不同动态表单，并以类型化载荷提交，不再固定为脚本任务。
@@ -345,12 +347,14 @@ task_pilot/
 
 - [ADR-0001：Cron 解析与任务调度](docs/decisions/0001-cron-engine.md)
 - [ADR-0002：前后端开发与生产托管](docs/decisions/0002-static-hosting.md)
+- [ADR-0003：Python 虚拟环境启动环境](docs/decisions/0003-python-environment.md)
 
 ## 当前限制
 
 - 重试策略字段已持久化，但自动重试尚未实现。
 - HTTP 任务执行器尚未提供响应 Header 转换等高级断言，只校验状态码。
 - 敏感值脱敏基于变量名关键词和值替换，不是系统凭据保险箱。
+- Conda 环境不会按 venv 自动激活，目前需要显式填写其 Python 解释器路径。
 - 当前版本是本地单用户工具，不支持多用户账户和远程部署。
 - 尚未安装为 Windows 系统服务，关闭启动脚本后调度器也会停止。
 - 旧 `task_pilot.html` 暂时保留在根目录作为设计参考，正式入口为 React 应用。

backend/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ pub mod cron;
 pub mod database;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod process_job;
+pub mod python_env;
 pub mod runs;
 pub mod scheduler;
 pub mod security;

backend/src/python_env.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    env,
+    ffi::OsString,
+    io,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+use tokio::process::Command;
+
+const VENV_DIRECTORY_NAMES: [&str; 3] = [".venv", "venv", "env"];
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct PreparedPython {
+    pub interpreter: PathBuf,
+    pub virtual_env: Option<PathBuf>,
+    environment: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    remove_environment: Vec<&'static str>,
+}
+
+impl PreparedPython {
+    pub fn apply(&self, command: &mut Command) {
+        for key in &self.remove_environment {
+            command.env_remove(key);
+        }
+        command.envs(&self.environment);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn prepare_script_environment(
+    working_dir: &str,
+    interpreter: &str,
+    configured_venv: Option<&str>,
+    user_env: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
+) -> io::Result<PreparedPython> {
+    if !is_python_interpreter(interpreter) {
+        return Ok(PreparedPython {
+            interpreter: resolve_interpreter(working_dir, interpreter),
+            virtual_env: None,
+            environment: user_env.clone(),
+            remove_environment: Vec::new(),
+        });
+    }
+
+    let working_directory = absolute_path(Path::new(working_dir))?;
+    let interpreter_path = resolve_interpreter(working_dir, interpreter);
+    let explicit_venv = configured_venv
+        .filter(|value| !value.trim().is_empty())
+        .map(|value| resolve_against(&working_directory, value))
+        .transpose()?;
+    let detected_venv = explicit_venv
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(validate_venv)
+        .transpose()?
+        .flatten()
+        .or_else(|| detect_venv_from_interpreter(&interpreter_path))
+        .or_else(|| {
+            is_generic_python(interpreter)
+                .then(|| detect_venv_from_ancestors(&working_directory))
+                .flatten()
+        });
+
+    let mut environment = BTreeMap::new();
+    for (key, value) in user_env {
+        if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case("PATH")
+            || key.eq_ignore_ascii_case("VIRTUAL_ENV")
+            || key.eq_ignore_ascii_case("VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT")
+            || (detected_venv.is_some() && key.eq_ignore_ascii_case("PYTHONHOME"))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        environment.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+    }
+
+    if let Some(venv) = &detected_venv {
+        let scripts_dir = venv.join("Scripts");
+        let python = scripts_dir.join("python.exe");
+        environment.insert(
+            "VIRTUAL_ENV".to_owned(),
+            venv.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+        );
+        environment.insert(
+            "VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT".to_owned(),
+            venv.file_name()
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .to_string_lossy()
+                .into_owned(),
+        );
+        environment.insert(
+            "PATH".to_owned(),
+            build_venv_path(&scripts_dir, user_env)?
+                .to_string_lossy()
+                .into_owned(),
+        );
+        environment.insert("PYTHONUNBUFFERED".to_owned(), "1".to_owned());
+        return Ok(PreparedPython {
+            interpreter: python,
+            virtual_env: Some(venv.clone()),
+            environment,
+            remove_environment: vec![
+                "PYTHONHOME",
+                "PYTHONPATH",
+                "VIRTUAL_ENV",
+                "VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT",
+            ],
+        });
+    }
+
+    environment.insert("PYTHONUNBUFFERED".to_owned(), "1".to_owned());
+    Ok(PreparedPython {
+        interpreter: interpreter_path,
+        virtual_env: None,
+        environment,
+        remove_environment: vec!["VIRTUAL_ENV", "VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT"],
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn validate_configured_venv(working_dir: &str, configured_venv: &str) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let working_directory = absolute_path(Path::new(working_dir))?;
+    let venv = resolve_against(&working_directory, configured_venv)?;
+    validate_venv(&venv)?.ok_or_else(|| {
+        io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+            format!("无效的 Python 虚拟环境: {}", venv.display()),
+        )
+    })
+}
+
+fn validate_venv(path: &Path) -> io::Result<Option<PathBuf>> {
+    let root = absolute_path(path)?;
+    let python = root.join("Scripts").join("python.exe");
+    if !root.join("pyvenv.cfg").is_file() {
+        return Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+            format!("虚拟环境缺少 pyvenv.cfg: {}", root.display()),
+        ));
+    }
+    if !python.is_file() {
+        return Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+            format!("虚拟环境缺少 Scripts\\python.exe: {}", root.display()),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(Some(root))
+}
+
+fn detect_venv_from_ancestors(start: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    for directory in start.ancestors() {
+        for name in VENV_DIRECTORY_NAMES {
+            let candidate = directory.join(name);
+            if candidate.join("pyvenv.cfg").is_file()
+                && candidate.join("Scripts").join("python.exe").is_file()
+            {
+                return Some(candidate);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn detect_venv_from_interpreter(interpreter: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let scripts = interpreter.parent()?;
+    if !scripts
+        .file_name()
+        .is_some_and(|name| name.eq_ignore_ascii_case("Scripts"))
+    {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let root = scripts.parent()?;
+    (root.join("pyvenv.cfg").is_file() && scripts.join("python.exe").is_file())
+        .then(|| root.to_path_buf())
+}
+
+fn build_venv_path(
+    scripts_dir: &Path,
+    user_env: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
+) -> io::Result<OsString> {
+    let base = user_env
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(key, _)| key.eq_ignore_ascii_case("PATH"))
+        .map(|(_, value)| OsString::from(value))
+        .or_else(|| env::var_os("PATH"))
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    let mut paths = Vec::new();
+    for path in std::iter::once(scripts_dir.to_path_buf()).chain(env::split_paths(&base)) {
+        let key = path.to_string_lossy().to_ascii_lowercase();
+        if seen.insert(key) {
+            paths.push(path);
+        }
+    }
+    env::join_paths(paths).map_err(io::Error::other)
+}
+
+fn resolve_interpreter(working_dir: &str, interpreter: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    let path = Path::new(interpreter);
+    if path.is_absolute() || path.components().count() == 1 {
+        path.to_path_buf()
+    } else {
+        Path::new(working_dir).join(path)
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_against(base: &Path, value: &str) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = Path::new(value);
+    let resolved = if path.is_absolute() {
+        path.to_path_buf()
+    } else {
+        base.join(path)
+    };
+    absolute_path(&resolved)
+}
+
+fn absolute_path(path: &Path) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    std::path::absolute(path)
+}
+
+fn is_python_interpreter(interpreter: &str) -> bool {
+    let name = Path::new(interpreter)
+        .file_name()
+        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
+        .unwrap_or(interpreter)
+        .to_ascii_lowercase();
+    name == "py.exe" || name == "py" || name.starts_with("python")
+}
+
+fn is_generic_python(interpreter: &str) -> bool {
+    Path::new(interpreter).components().count() == 1 && is_python_interpreter(interpreter)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fs;
+    use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+    fn create_fake_venv(root: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+        let venv = root.join(".venv");
+        fs::create_dir_all(venv.join("Scripts")).unwrap();
+        fs::write(venv.join("pyvenv.cfg"), "home = C:\\Python").unwrap();
+        fs::write(venv.join("Scripts").join("python.exe"), "").unwrap();
+        venv
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_venv_from_working_directory_and_builds_path() {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let venv = create_fake_venv(temp.path());
+        let working_dir = temp.path().join("project").join("src");
+        fs::create_dir_all(&working_dir).unwrap();
+        let mut user_env = BTreeMap::new();
+        user_env.insert("CUSTOM_VALUE".to_owned(), "yes".to_owned());
+        user_env.insert("PYTHONHOME".to_owned(), "C:\\wrong".to_owned());
+
+        let prepared = prepare_script_environment(
+            working_dir.to_str().unwrap(),
+            "python.exe",
+            None,
+            &user_env,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(prepared.virtual_env, Some(venv.clone()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            prepared.interpreter,
+            venv.join("Scripts").join("python.exe")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            prepared.environment.get("VIRTUAL_ENV"),
+            Some(&venv.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            prepared.environment.get("PYTHONUNBUFFERED"),
+            Some(&"1".to_owned())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn explicit_venv_is_validated() {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let venv = create_fake_venv(temp.path());
+        let prepared = prepare_script_environment(
+            temp.path().to_str().unwrap(),
+            "python.exe",
+            Some(venv.to_str().unwrap()),
+            &BTreeMap::new(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(prepared.virtual_env, Some(venv));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_explicit_venv_returns_error() {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let missing = temp.path().join("missing-venv");
+        let error = prepare_script_environment(
+            temp.path().to_str().unwrap(),
+            "python.exe",
+            Some(missing.to_str().unwrap()),
+            &BTreeMap::new(),
+        )
+        .unwrap_err();
+
+        assert_eq!(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn non_python_interpreter_is_not_modified() {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        create_fake_venv(temp.path());
+        let prepared = prepare_script_environment(
+            temp.path().to_str().unwrap(),
+            "node.exe",
+            None,
+            &BTreeMap::new(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(prepared.virtual_env, None);
+        assert!(prepared.environment.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn venv_environment_overrides_conflicting_python_variables() {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let venv = create_fake_venv(temp.path());
+        let mut user_env = BTreeMap::new();
+        user_env.insert(
+            "Path".to_owned(),
+            temp.path()
+                .join("custom-bin")
+                .to_string_lossy()
+                .into_owned(),
+        );
+        user_env.insert("PYTHONHOME".to_owned(), "C:\\wrong".to_owned());
+        user_env.insert("PYTHONUNBUFFERED".to_owned(), "0".to_owned());
+        user_env.insert(
+            "PYTHONPATH".to_owned(),
+            "C:\\explicit-python-path".to_owned(),
+        );
+
+        let prepared = prepare_script_environment(
+            temp.path().to_str().unwrap(),
+            "python.exe",
+            None,
+            &user_env,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!prepared.environment.contains_key("PYTHONHOME"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            prepared.environment.get("PYTHONUNBUFFERED"),
+            Some(&"1".to_owned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            prepared.environment.get("PYTHONPATH"),
+            Some(&"C:\\explicit-python-path".to_owned())
+        );
+        let paths = env::split_paths(
+            prepared
+                .environment
+                .get("PATH")
+                .expect("venv PATH should be present"),
+        )
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(paths.first(), Some(&venv.join("Scripts")));
+        assert!(paths.contains(&temp.path().join("custom-bin")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn global_python_removes_stale_virtual_env_markers() {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let prepared = prepare_script_environment(
+            temp.path().to_str().unwrap(),
+            "python.exe",
+            None,
+            &BTreeMap::new(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(prepared.virtual_env, None);
+        assert!(prepared.remove_environment.contains(&"VIRTUAL_ENV"));
+        assert!(prepared.remove_environment.contains(&"VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT"));
+    }
+}

backend/src/runs/executor.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use crate::{
     error::ApiResult,
     process_job::ProcessJob,
+    python_env::prepare_script_environment,
     runs::{
         model::{RunStatus, RunTrigger, TaskRunResponse},
         repository,
@@ -291,18 +292,32 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
         match &task.action {
             TaskAction::Script {
                 working_dir,
+                venv,
                 interpreter,
                 script,
                 args,
                 env,
             } => {
-                let mut command = Command::new(interpreter);
+                let prepared = match prepare_script_environment(
-                command
+                    working_dir,
-                    .arg(script)
+                    interpreter,
-                    .args(args)
+                    venv.as_deref(),
-                    .envs(env)
+                    env,
-                    .current_dir(working_dir);
+                ) {
-                self.run_command(task, run_id, cancellation, command).await
+                    Ok(prepared) => prepared,
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        return failed_outcome(format!("准备 Python 运行环境失败: {error}"));
+                    }
+                };
+                let mut command = Command::new(&prepared.interpreter);
+                prepared.apply(&mut command);
+                command.arg(script).args(args).current_dir(working_dir);
+                let startup_note = prepared
+                    .virtual_env
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|venv| format!("使用 Python 虚拟环境: {}", venv.display()));
+                self.run_command(task, run_id, cancellation, command, startup_note)
+                    .await
             }
             TaskAction::Process {
                 executable,
@@ -315,7 +330,8 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
                 if let Some(working_dir) = working_dir {
                     command.current_dir(working_dir);
                 }
-                self.run_command(task, run_id, cancellation, command).await
+                self.run_command(task, run_id, cancellation, command, None)
+                    .await
             }
             TaskAction::Http { .. } => self.run_http(task, run_id, cancellation).await,
         }
@@ -327,6 +343,7 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
         run_id: i64,
         cancellation: &CancellationToken,
         mut command: Command,
+        startup_note: Option<String>,
     ) -> ScriptOutcome {
         let log_path = self.log_path(&task.id, run_id);
         let secrets = sensitive_values(&task.action);
@@ -342,6 +359,9 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
             Ok(sink) => sink,
             Err(error) => return failed_outcome(format!("无法创建运行日志: {error}")),
         };
+        if let Some(note) = startup_note {
+            sink.system(&note).await;
+        }
 
         let job = match ProcessJob::new() {
             Ok(job) => job,

backend/src/scheduler.rs

@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ mod tests {
             retry_policy: RetryPolicy::default(),
             action: TaskAction::Script {
                 working_dir: ".".to_owned(),
+                venv: None,
                 interpreter: "cmd.exe".to_owned(),
                 script: "/C".to_owned(),
                 args: vec!["exit".to_owned(), "0".to_owned()],

backend/src/tasks/model.rs

@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ pub struct RetryPolicy {
 pub enum TaskAction {
     Script {
         working_dir: String,
+        #[serde(default)]
+        venv: Option<String>,
         interpreter: String,
         script: String,
         #[serde(default)]

backend/src/tasks/service.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use croner::Cron;
 use sqlx::SqlitePool;
 use url::Url;
 
+use crate::python_env::validate_configured_venv;
 use crate::{error::ApiResult, tasks::model::*};
 
 use super::repository::{self, ListFilters};
@@ -182,12 +183,22 @@ fn validate_action(action: &TaskAction) -> ApiResult<()> {
     match action {
         TaskAction::Script {
             working_dir,
+            venv,
             interpreter,
             script,
             args,
             env,
         } => {
             validate_required("action.working_dir", working_dir)?;
+            if let Some(venv) = venv {
+                validate_required("action.venv", venv)?;
+                validate_configured_venv(working_dir, venv).map_err(|error| {
+                    crate::error::ApiError::validation(
+                        "action.venv",
+                        format!("虚拟环境无效: {error}"),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            }
             validate_required("action.interpreter", interpreter)?;
             validate_required("action.script", script)?;
             validate_args(args)?;
@@ -319,6 +330,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn script_action() -> TaskAction {
         TaskAction::Script {
             working_dir: "D:\\Projects\\sync".to_owned(),
+            venv: None,
             interpreter: "python.exe".to_owned(),
             script: "main.py".to_owned(),
             args: vec!["--mode".to_owned(), "full".to_owned()],
@@ -358,6 +370,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn rejects_empty_script_path() {
         let action = TaskAction::Script {
             working_dir: "D:\\Projects\\sync".to_owned(),
+            venv: None,
             interpreter: "python.exe".to_owned(),
             script: "  ".to_owned(),
             args: Vec::new(),

backend/tests/runs.rs

@@ -275,6 +275,77 @@ async fn manual_script_run_captures_exit_code_and_logs() {
     app.state.shutdown();
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn auto_detected_venv_injects_activation_environment() {
+    let app = test_app().await;
+    let project = app._temp_dir.path().join("project");
+    let working_dir = project.join("src");
+    let venv = project.join(".venv");
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&working_dir).unwrap();
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(venv.join("Scripts")).unwrap();
+    std::fs::write(venv.join("pyvenv.cfg"), "home = C:\\Python").unwrap();
+    let command_shell = std::env::var_os("COMSPEC")
+        .map(std::path::PathBuf::from)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| std::path::PathBuf::from("C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"));
+    std::fs::copy(command_shell, venv.join("Scripts").join("python.exe")).unwrap();
+
+    let task = json!({
+        "id": "venv_task",
+        "name": "Venv task",
+        "cron": "0 0 2 * * *",
+        "timeout_secs": 5,
+        "action": {
+            "type": "script",
+            "working_dir": working_dir,
+            "interpreter": "python.exe",
+            "script": "/C",
+            "args": [
+                "echo",
+                "VIRTUAL=%VIRTUAL_ENV%;UNBUFFERED=%PYTHONUNBUFFERED%;HOME=%PYTHONHOME%;CUSTOM=%CUSTOM%"
+            ],
+            "env": {
+                "PYTHONHOME": "C:\\wrong-python-home",
+                "PYTHONUNBUFFERED": "0",
+                "CUSTOM": "yes"
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    let create_response = send_json(&app.router, Method::POST, "/api/v1/tasks", Some(task)).await;
+    assert_eq!(create_response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+    let run = send_json(
+        &app.router,
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/v1/tasks/venv_task/run",
+        None,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let run_id = response_json(run).await["id"].as_i64().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        wait_for_run(&app.router, run_id).await["status"],
+        "succeeded"
+    );
+    let log = response_json(
+        send_json(
+            &app.router,
+            Method::GET,
+            &format!("/api/v1/runs/{run_id}/logs"),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let content = log["content"].as_str().unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        content.contains(&format!(
+            "VIRTUAL={};UNBUFFERED=1;HOME=%PYTHONHOME%;CUSTOM=yes",
+            venv.display()
+        )),
+        "unexpected venv log output: {content}"
+    );
+    assert!(!content.contains("wrong-python-home"));
+    app.state.shutdown();
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn http_and_process_executors_run_through_the_api() {
     let app = test_app().await;

contracts/openapi.json

@@ -999,6 +999,12 @@
                   "script"
                 ]
               },
+              "venv": {
+                "type": [
+                  "string",
+                  "null"
+                ]
+              },
               "working_dir": {
                 "type": "string"
               }

docs/decisions/0003-python-environment.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# ADR-0003：Python 虚拟环境启动环境
+
+- 状态：已接受
+- 日期：2026-10-19
+
+## 背景
+
+直接执行虚拟环境中的 `python.exe` 只解决了当前进程使用哪个解释器，并不会自动完成命令行激活脚本所做的环境准备。脚本派生的子进程可能因此找不到虚拟环境内的工具，或受到宿主机全局 Python 环境变量污染。
+
+## 决策
+
+所有脚本任务在启动前统一经过后端 `python_env` 模块：
+
+1. 只有解释器确认为 Python 时才应用 Python 专属环境。
+2. 支持显式配置虚拟环境目录；未配置时从工作目录向上搜索 `.venv`、`venv`、`env`。
+3. 虚拟环境必须同时存在 `pyvenv.cfg` 和 `Scripts/python.exe`，否则显式配置在任务保存时直接拒绝，自动探测则跳过无效目录。
+4. 优先使用虚拟环境自己的 `Scripts/python.exe`。
+5. 将 `Scripts` 目录置于 PATH 最前方，同时保留用户提供的 PATH 或宿主机 PATH，并按 Windows 大小写不敏感规则去重。
+6. 注入 `VIRTUAL_ENV` 和 `VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT`。
+7. 清理继承的 `PYTHONHOME`、`PYTHONPATH` 和旧的 `VIRTUAL_ENV` 标记。
+8. 虚拟环境模式禁止用户环境重新注入 `PYTHONHOME`；显式配置的 `PYTHONPATH` 仍可在清理继承污染后重新加入。
+9. 强制设置 `PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1`。
+10. 未能检测到虚拟环境时，平滑回退到配置的 Python 解释器。
+
+## 原因
+
+- PATH 是隔离子进程工具解析的关键，不只是当前 Python 解释器路径。
+- `VIRTUAL_ENV` 是第三方框架判断隔离环境的重要标识。
+- 继承的 Python 全局变量可能破坏 venv 的标准库解析。
+- 实时日志依赖 Python 标准流不被块缓冲。
+- 仅按目录名判断不可靠，必须验证 venv 结构。
+- Windows 环境变量大小写不敏感，必须主动处理 `PATH`/`Path` 重复。
+
+## 边界
+
+- Conda 环境不会被识别为标准 venv；当前可通过显式解释器路径运行，但不会自动设置 `CONDA_PREFIX`。
+- `PYTHONUNBUFFERED` 只影响 Python 标准流。第三方日志 Handler 或非 Python 子进程仍可能自行缓冲。
+- 虚拟环境路径必须是后端运行时可以访问的有效 Windows 目录。
+- 使用系统 Python 时不会伪造虚拟环境变量。

frontend/e2e/dashboard.spec.ts

@@ -67,11 +67,17 @@ test('manages a task and reads a real run log', async ({ page, request }) => {
   await newTaskDialog
     .getByPlaceholder('参数值 (可选，无值可留空)')
     .fill('full')
+  await newTaskDialog
+    .getByLabel(/虚拟环境目录/)
+    .fill('.venv')
   await newTaskDialog
     .getByText('调用预览 (Runtime Preview)')
     .scrollIntoViewIfNeeded()
   await expect(
-    newTaskDialog.getByText('--mode full', { exact: false }),
+    newTaskDialog.getByText(
+      '.venv\\Scripts\\python.exe main.py --mode full',
+      { exact: false },
+    ),
   ).toBeVisible()
   await page.screenshot({
     path: 'test-results/dashboard-task-editor-runtime.png',

frontend/src/api/generated.ts

@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ export interface components {
             script: string;
             /** @enum {string} */
             type: "script";
+            venv?: string | null;
             working_dir: string;
         } | {
             body?: string | null;

frontend/src/components/TaskEditorModal.tsx

@@ -328,6 +328,16 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                   />
                 </Field>
               </div>
+              <Field
+                label="虚拟环境目录 (可选)"
+                hint="留空时自动从工作目录及上级目录探测 .venv、venv、env"
+              >
+                <input
+                  {...register('script.venv')}
+                  className="field-input mono"
+                  placeholder="例如：.venv"
+                />
+              </Field>
               <Field
                 label="脚本文件或相对路径"
                 error={errors.script?.script?.message}
@@ -402,6 +412,11 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                   <span>Windows 原生环境</span>
                 </div>
                 <div className="cli-preview-body">
+                  {scriptPreview.venv.trim() ? (
+                    <div className="cli-line-env">
+                      set VIRTUAL_ENV={scriptPreview.venv.trim()}
+                    </div>
+                  ) : null}
                   {scriptPreview.env
                     .filter((item) => item.key.trim())
                     .map((item, index) => (
@@ -416,7 +431,7 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                       </div>
                     ))}
                   <div className="cli-line-cmd">
-                    {scriptPreview.interpreter.trim() || 'python.exe'}{' '}
+                    {formatInterpreterPreview(scriptPreview)}{' '}
                     {scriptPreview.script.trim() || 'main.py'}
                     {formatArgumentPreview(scriptPreview.args)}
                   </div>
@@ -598,6 +613,15 @@ function formatArgumentPreview(argumentsList: KeyValueFormValue[]): string {
   return values.length ? ` ${values.join(' ')}` : ''
 }
 
+function formatInterpreterPreview(
+  script: TaskFormValues['script'],
+): string {
+  if (script.venv.trim()) {
+    return `${script.venv.trim().replace(/[\\/]+$/, '')}\\Scripts\\python.exe`
+  }
+  return script.interpreter.trim() || 'python.exe'
+}
+
 function isSensitiveName(name: string): boolean {
   const normalized = name.toUpperCase()
   return [

frontend/src/lib/taskForm.test.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,28 @@ import {
 } from './taskForm'
 
 describe('task form payload', () => {
+  it('submits an explicit Python virtual environment', () => {
+    const values = createEmptyTaskFormValues()
+    values.id = 'venv_task'
+    values.name = 'Venv task'
+    values.script.working_dir = 'D:\\Projects\\venv-task'
+    values.script.venv = '.venv'
+    values.script.interpreter = 'python.exe'
+    values.script.script = 'main.py'
+    values.script.args = [{ key: '--mode', value: 'full' }]
+
+    const payload = valuesToCreateRequest(values)
+
+    expect(payload.action).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'script',
+      working_dir: 'D:\\Projects\\venv-task',
+      venv: '.venv',
+      interpreter: 'python.exe',
+      script: 'main.py',
+      args: ['--mode', 'full'],
+    })
+  })
+
   it('creates an HTTP action instead of forcing script type', () => {
     const values = createEmptyTaskFormValues()
     values.id = 'health_check'

frontend/src/lib/taskForm.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export interface TaskFormValues {
   actionType: TaskActionType
   script: {
     working_dir: string
+    venv: string
     interpreter: string
     script: string
     args: KeyValueFormValue[]
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ export const taskFormSchema = z
     actionType: z.enum(['script', 'http', 'process']),
     script: z.object({
       working_dir: z.string(),
+      venv: z.string(),
       interpreter: z.string(),
       script: z.string(),
       args: z.array(keyValueSchema),
@@ -168,6 +170,7 @@ export function createEmptyTaskFormValues(): TaskFormValues {
     actionType: 'script',
     script: {
       working_dir: '',
+      venv: '',
       interpreter: 'python.exe',
       script: 'main.py',
       args: [],
@@ -202,6 +205,7 @@ export function taskToFormValues(task: Task): TaskFormValues {
   if (task.action.type === 'script') {
     values.script = {
       working_dir: task.action.working_dir,
+      venv: task.action.venv ?? '',
       interpreter: task.action.interpreter,
       script: task.action.script,
       args: argsToRows(task.action.args ?? []),
@@ -240,6 +244,7 @@ export function valuesToAction(values: TaskFormValues): TaskAction {
     return {
       type: 'script',
       working_dir: values.script.working_dir.trim(),
+      venv: values.script.venv.trim() || null,
       interpreter: values.script.interpreter.trim(),
       script: values.script.script.trim(),
       args: argumentsToArray(values.script.args),