feat: 拆分任务类型并支持脚本语言联动

- 任务类型改为「执行脚本 / 发起 HTTP 请求 / 运行二进制程序」，脚本类型下新增语言选择（Python / Shell / Node / Lua）
- 语言联动表单：Python 才显示虚拟环境、解释器和 uv 状态；Shell/Node/Lua 隐藏这些字段并切换脚本标签、占位符和调用预览
- 切换语言时自动设置解释器与默认脚本，Shell 通过 cmd.exe /C 执行批处理，Node/Lua 使用对应解释器
- TaskAction 新增可选 language，旧任务按解释器推断；补 Shell 执行测试、语言切换单测与 Playwright 用例

README.md

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ uv run --no-project tools/verify.py --base-url http://127.0.0.1:3000
 | 观测 | 运行历史（状态/触发方式筛选）、退出码、耗时、错误信息、日志下载 |
 | 日志 | SSE 实时推送 + 增量轮询 + 断线重连；编码自动识别；敏感值脱敏；容量与保留期清理 |
 | Python | 自动关联 `.venv`/`venv`/`env`、解释器可选、用 uv 从 `pyproject.toml` / `requirements*.txt` 创建环境、注入 PATH/`VIRTUAL_ENV`/`PYTHONIOENCODING`、默认 PyPI 镜像注入 |
-| 界面 | 左侧导航（任务调度 / Python 镜像）、三类动态表单、Cron 预览、虚拟环境状态条、页面内目录浏览器、深色日志弹窗 |
+| 界面 | 左侧导航（任务调度 / Python 镜像）、任务类型 + 脚本语言联动表单、Cron 预览、虚拟环境状态条、页面内目录浏览器、深色日志弹窗 |
 | 安全 | 仅回环监听、Origin 白名单、写操作令牌、常量时间比较、请求体上限 |
 | 交付 | 单进程静态托管、SPA 回退、Release 打包、OpenAPI 契约、可选离线字体 |
 
@@ -143,11 +143,15 @@ uv run --no-project tools/verify.py --base-url http://127.0.0.1:3000
 ### 三类 Action
 
 ```jsonc
-// 脚本
+// 脚本（language 省略时按 interpreter 推断，旧任务兼容）
 { "type": "script", "working_dir": "D:\\Projects\\sync", "venv": null,
-  "interpreter": "python.exe", "script": "main.py",
+  "language": "python", "interpreter": "python.exe", "script": "main.py",
   "args": ["--mode", "full"], "env": { "PYTHONUNBUFFERED": "1" } }
 
+// Shell：cmd.exe /C run.bat；Node/Lua 同理
+{ "type": "script", "working_dir": "D:\\Projects\\ops", "language": "shell",
+  "interpreter": "cmd.exe", "script": "run.bat", "args": [], "env": {} }
+
 // HTTP
 { "type": "http", "url": "https://api.example.com/health", "method": "GET",
   "headers": { "X-Token": "..." }, "body": null, "expected_status": [200, 204] }
@@ -224,8 +228,8 @@ queued ──► running ──► succeeded / failed / timed_out / cancelled
 - 没装 uv：必须手动准备虚拟环境；Python 任务缺少 `.venv` 时运行失败并给出提示。
 - 既没有虚拟环境、也没有 pyproject/requirements：编辑器显示错误，Python 任务运行失败。
   Python 任务不再静默回退到系统解释器。
-- 解释器字段是可选的：留空表示 Python，运行时会自动使用虚拟环境里的 `python.exe`；
-  Node / Shell 等非 Python 脚本再填写具体可执行程序。
+- 解释器字段只对 Python 显示：留空会自动使用虚拟环境里的 `python.exe`；
+  选择 Shell / Node / Lua 时不需要手填解释器，分别固定使用 `cmd.exe` / `node.exe` / `lua.exe`。
 
 命中虚拟环境后注入：
 
@@ -246,9 +250,10 @@ queued ──► running ──► succeeded / failed / timed_out / cancelled
 - **左侧导航**：任务调度 / Python 镜像两个入口；底部显示 Rust 引擎在线状态与版本。
 - **指标卡**：已托管任务、运行中任务、可用脚本、引擎在线状态。
 - **任务表**：名称/ID + 类型标签、时区、调度周期（Cron + **下次触发时间**）、状态、超时、操作。
-- **编辑器**：三类动态表单、Cron 预览（实时计算未来 3/5/8/10 次）、时区下拉、虚拟环境状态条、调用预览；
-  探测到虚拟环境会自动回填「虚拟环境目录」，仍可手动修改；缺少虚拟环境但项目有依赖文件时可直接用 uv 创建。
-  解释器字段可选，留空自动使用虚拟环境 Python。
+- **编辑器**：先选任务类型（脚本 / HTTP / 二进制），脚本类型再选语言（Python / Shell / Node / Lua），
+  非 Python 语言会自动隐藏虚拟环境字段并调整脚本占位符；Cron 预览（实时计算未来 3/5/8/10 次）、
+  时区下拉、虚拟环境状态条、调用预览；探测到虚拟环境会自动回填「虚拟环境目录」，仍可手动修改；
+  缺少虚拟环境但项目有依赖文件时可直接用 uv 创建。解释器字段只在 Python 下显示，留空自动使用虚拟环境 Python。
 - **目录选择**：页面内目录浏览器（盘符 → 逐级进入 → 使用此目录），同时保留手动输入。
 - **日志弹窗**：运行历史筛选、SSE 实时日志、取消运行、下载日志、Escape/焦点陷阱。
 - **Python 镜像**：内置清华 TUNA / 阿里云 / 中科大 / PyPI 官方；可新增、编辑、启用停用、设为默认。
@@ -407,7 +412,8 @@ Content-Type: application/json
 | `timeout_secs` | 1–86400 |
 | `retry_policy` | `max_attempts ≤ 10`，`delay_secs ≤ 3600` |
 | `action.working_dir` / `script` | 非空 |
-| `action.interpreter` | 可空；留空时服务端默认成 `python.exe`，Python 任务会用虚拟环境解释器 |
+| `action.language` | `python` / `shell` / `node` / `lua`；可省略，省略时按解释器推断 |
+| `action.interpreter` | 可空；空时按语言默认（Python 为 `python.exe`，Shell 为 `cmd.exe`，Node 为 `node.exe`，Lua 为 `lua.exe`） |
 | `action.venv` | 若填写，必须存在 `pyvenv.cfg` 与 `Scripts\python.exe` |
 | `action.args` | ≤ 256 个，单个 ≤ 2048 字符 |
 | `action.env` | ≤ 128 条；key ≤ 128、不含 `=`/`\0`；value ≤ 8192、不含 `\0` |
@@ -541,9 +547,9 @@ uv run --with fonttools --with brotli tools/build-fonts.py
 | 层 | 覆盖 |
 | --- | --- |
 | Rust 单元（59） | Cron、虚拟环境解析与探测、项目依赖文件扫描、uv 可用性、执行器（编码/截断/清理/句柄归属/日志合并推送）、安全、目录列举 |
-| Rust 集成（38） | 任务 CRUD 与校验、运行生命周期、取消与超时、日志分块、调度恢复、统计与调度接口、重启对账、镜像 CRUD、venv 探测/创建 |
-| 前端 Vitest（30） | 仪表盘渲染、侧栏导航到镜像页、表单载荷、虚拟环境状态、uv 创建入口、目录浏览器、下次触发时间、日志行切分/窗口计算/虚拟滚动 |
-| Playwright（6） | 真实任务执行与日志、编辑/停用/删除、窄屏、**无外部网络渲染**、1500 行日志的虚拟滚动、镜像增删与设默认 |
+| Rust 集成（39） | 任务 CRUD 与校验、运行生命周期、取消与超时、日志分块、调度恢复、统计与调度接口、重启对账、镜像 CRUD、venv 探测/创建、Shell 脚本执行 |
+| 前端 Vitest（31） | 仪表盘渲染、侧栏导航到镜像页、表单载荷与脚本语言、虚拟环境状态、uv 创建入口、目录浏览器、下次触发时间、日志行切分/窗口计算/虚拟滚动 |
+| Playwright（7） | 真实任务执行与日志、编辑/停用/删除、脚本语言切换、窄屏、**无外部网络渲染**、1500 行日志的虚拟滚动、镜像增删与设默认 |
 | Python 自检（14 项） | `tools/verify.py` 覆盖 API 全链路 |
 
 ---

backend/src/api.rs

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ use crate::{
     tasks::{
         model::{
             ConcurrencyPolicy, CreateTaskRequest, HttpMethod, RetryPolicy, ScheduledTaskResponse,
-            TaskAction, TaskActionType, TaskListResponse, TaskResponse, TaskStatsResponse,
-            UpdateTaskRequest,
+            ScriptLanguage, TaskAction, TaskActionType, TaskListResponse, TaskResponse,
+            TaskStatsResponse, UpdateTaskRequest,
         },
         routes::{
             __path_create_task, __path_delete_task, __path_disable_task, __path_enable_task,
@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ pub async fn list_schedule(
         ScheduledTaskResponse,
         ErrorResponse,
         TaskActionType,
+        ScriptLanguage,
         HttpMethod,
         ConcurrencyPolicy,
         RetryPolicy,

backend/src/runs/executor.rs

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use crate::{
     error::ApiResult,
     process_job::ProcessJob,
-    python_env::{is_python_interpreter, prepare_script_environment},
+    python_env::prepare_script_environment,
     runs::{
         model::{RunStatus, RunTrigger, TaskRunResponse},
         repository,
     },
-    tasks::model::{HttpMethod, TaskAction, TaskResponse},
+    tasks::model::{HttpMethod, ScriptLanguage, TaskAction, TaskResponse},
 };
 
 const MAX_LOG_BYTES: u64 = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -429,11 +429,14 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
             TaskAction::Script {
                 working_dir,
                 venv,
+                language,
                 interpreter,
                 script,
                 args,
                 env,
             } => {
+                let script_language =
+                    language.unwrap_or_else(|| ScriptLanguage::from_interpreter(interpreter));
                 let prepared = match prepare_script_environment(
                     working_dir,
                     interpreter,
@@ -451,7 +454,7 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
                 let mut notes = Vec::new();
                 if let Some(venv) = &prepared.virtual_env {
                     notes.push(format!("使用 Python 虚拟环境: {}", venv.display()));
-                } else if is_python_interpreter(interpreter) {
+                } else if script_language == ScriptLanguage::Python {
                     // Python 任务强制使用项目虚拟环境：没有 .venv 时不再悄悄退回系统解释器。
                     let project = crate::python_env::scan_project_files(working_dir);
                     if project.has_pyproject || !project.requirements.is_empty() {
@@ -463,7 +466,7 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
                         "项目没有虚拟环境，也没有 pyproject.toml / requirements.txt；请先创建 .venv 或补充依赖文件",
                     );
                 }
-                if is_python_interpreter(interpreter) {
+                if script_language == ScriptLanguage::Python {
                     match crate::python_mirrors::repository::default_enabled(&self.inner.pool).await
                     {
                         Ok(Some(mirror)) => {
@@ -501,6 +504,12 @@ impl TaskExecutor {
                     }
                 }
 
+                if script_language == ScriptLanguage::Shell
+                    && is_cmd_interpreter(interpreter)
+                    && !script.trim_start().starts_with('/')
+                {
+                    command.arg("/C");
+                }
                 command.arg(script).args(args).current_dir(working_dir);
                 let startup_note = (!notes.is_empty()).then(|| notes.join("；"));
                 self.run_command(task, run_id, cancellation, command, startup_note)
@@ -1120,6 +1129,13 @@ fn env_has(env: &BTreeMap<String, String>, key: &str) -> bool {
         .any(|candidate| candidate.eq_ignore_ascii_case(key))
 }
 
+fn is_cmd_interpreter(interpreter: &str) -> bool {
+    Path::new(interpreter)
+        .file_stem()
+        .and_then(|stem| stem.to_str())
+        .is_some_and(|stem| stem.eq_ignore_ascii_case("cmd"))
+}
+
 fn sensitive_values(action: &TaskAction) -> Vec<String> {
     match action {
         TaskAction::Script { env, .. } | TaskAction::Process { env, .. } => env

backend/src/scheduler.rs

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ fn lock_next_runs(
 mod tests {
     use chrono::{TimeZone, Timelike};
 
-    use crate::tasks::model::{ConcurrencyPolicy, RetryPolicy, TaskAction};
+    use crate::tasks::model::{ConcurrencyPolicy, RetryPolicy, ScriptLanguage, TaskAction};
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@ mod tests {
             action: TaskAction::Script {
                 working_dir: ".".to_owned(),
                 venv: None,
+                language: Some(ScriptLanguage::Shell),
                 interpreter: "cmd.exe".to_owned(),
                 script: "/C".to_owned(),
                 args: vec!["exit".to_owned(), "0".to_owned()],

backend/src/tasks/model.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, path::Path};
 
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -8,6 +8,56 @@ use utoipa::ToSchema;
 pub const DEFAULT_TIMEZONE: &str = "Asia/Shanghai";
 pub const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 300;
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum ScriptLanguage {
+    Python,
+    Shell,
+    Node,
+    Lua,
+}
+
+impl ScriptLanguage {
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Python => "python",
+            Self::Shell => "shell",
+            Self::Node => "node",
+            Self::Lua => "lua",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn default_interpreter(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Python => "python.exe",
+            Self::Shell => "cmd.exe",
+            Self::Node => "node.exe",
+            Self::Lua => "lua.exe",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 旧任务没有 `language` 字段时，从解释器文件名推断。
+    pub fn from_interpreter(interpreter: &str) -> Self {
+        let stem = Path::new(interpreter)
+            .file_stem()
+            .and_then(|stem| stem.to_str())
+            .unwrap_or(interpreter)
+            .to_ascii_lowercase();
+        if matches!(stem.as_str(), "node" | "nodejs") {
+            Self::Node
+        } else if stem.starts_with("lua") {
+            Self::Lua
+        } else if matches!(
+            stem.as_str(),
+            "cmd" | "powershell" | "pwsh" | "bash" | "sh" | "zsh"
+        ) {
+            Self::Shell
+        } else {
+            Self::Python
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum TaskActionType {
@@ -57,6 +107,8 @@ pub enum TaskAction {
         working_dir: String,
         #[serde(default)]
         venv: Option<String>,
+        #[serde(default)]
+        language: Option<ScriptLanguage>,
         interpreter: String,
         script: String,
         #[serde(default)]
@@ -93,6 +145,18 @@ impl TaskAction {
             Self::Process { .. } => TaskActionType::Process,
         }
     }
+
+    /// 脚本语言；旧任务未存 language 时从解释器推断。
+    pub fn script_language(&self) -> Option<ScriptLanguage> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Script {
+                language,
+                interpreter,
+                ..
+            } => Some(language.unwrap_or_else(|| ScriptLanguage::from_interpreter(interpreter))),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn default_timezone() -> String {

backend/src/tasks/service.rs

@@ -184,11 +184,17 @@ fn validate_common(
 
 fn normalize_action(action: &mut TaskAction) {
     if let TaskAction::Script {
-        venv, interpreter, ..
+        venv,
+        language,
+        interpreter,
+        ..
     } = action
     {
+        let resolved =
+            language.unwrap_or_else(|| ScriptLanguage::from_interpreter(interpreter.trim()));
+        *language = Some(resolved);
         if interpreter.trim().is_empty() {
-            *interpreter = "python.exe".to_owned();
+            *interpreter = resolved.default_interpreter().to_owned();
         }
         if venv.as_deref().is_some_and(|value| value.trim().is_empty()) {
             *venv = None;
@@ -201,6 +207,7 @@ fn validate_action(action: &TaskAction) -> ApiResult<()> {
         TaskAction::Script {
             working_dir,
             venv,
+            language: _,
             interpreter,
             script,
             args,
@@ -348,6 +355,7 @@ mod tests {
         TaskAction::Script {
             working_dir: "D:\\Projects\\sync".to_owned(),
             venv: None,
+            language: Some(ScriptLanguage::Python),
             interpreter: "python.exe".to_owned(),
             script: "main.py".to_owned(),
             args: vec!["--mode".to_owned(), "full".to_owned()],
@@ -388,6 +396,7 @@ mod tests {
         let action = TaskAction::Script {
             working_dir: "D:\\Projects\\sync".to_owned(),
             venv: None,
+            language: Some(ScriptLanguage::Python),
             interpreter: "python.exe".to_owned(),
             script: "  ".to_owned(),
             args: Vec::new(),

backend/tests/runs.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::time::Duration;
+use std::{fs, time::Duration};
 
 use axum::{
     Json, Router,
@@ -201,6 +201,58 @@ async fn wait_for_run(router: &Router, run_id: i64) -> Value {
     panic!("run {run_id} did not reach a terminal state");
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn shell_language_runs_batch_file_with_cmd_c() {
+    let app = test_app().await;
+    let working_dir = app._temp_dir.path().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+    fs::write(
+        app._temp_dir.path().join("hello.bat"),
+        "@echo off\r\necho shell-language-ok\r\n",
+    )
+    .expect("batch file should be written");
+
+    let mut task = script_task(
+        "shell_task",
+        &working_dir,
+        "cmd.exe",
+        "hello.bat",
+        vec![],
+        "0 0 2 * * *",
+        10,
+    );
+    task["action"]["language"] = json!("shell");
+    let create_response = send_json(&app.router, Method::POST, "/api/v1/tasks", Some(task)).await;
+    assert_eq!(create_response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+
+    let run_response = send_json(
+        &app.router,
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/v1/tasks/shell_task/run",
+        None,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(run_response.status(), StatusCode::ACCEPTED);
+    let run = response_json(run_response).await;
+    let run_id = run["id"].as_i64().expect("run id should be an integer");
+
+    let completed = wait_for_run(&app.router, run_id).await;
+    assert_eq!(completed["status"], "succeeded");
+    let log_response = send_json(
+        &app.router,
+        Method::GET,
+        &format!("/api/v1/runs/{run_id}/logs"),
+        None,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let log = response_json(log_response).await;
+    assert!(
+        log["content"]
+            .as_str()
+            .expect("log content should be a string")
+            .contains("shell-language-ok")
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn manual_script_run_captures_exit_code_and_logs() {
     let app = test_app().await;

backend/tests/tasks.rs

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ async fn empty_interpreter_defaults_to_python() {
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
     let created = response_json(response).await;
     assert_eq!(created["action"]["interpreter"], "python.exe");
+    assert_eq!(created["action"]["language"], "python");
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]

contracts/openapi.json

@@ -1530,6 +1530,15 @@
           }
         }
       },
+      "ScriptLanguage": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "enum": [
+          "python",
+          "shell",
+          "node",
+          "lua"
+        ]
+      },
       "SessionResponse": {
         "type": "object",
         "required": [
@@ -1571,6 +1580,16 @@
               "interpreter": {
                 "type": "string"
               },
+              "language": {
+                "oneOf": [
+                  {
+                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ScriptLanguage"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "type": "null"
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
               "script": {
                 "type": "string"
               },

frontend/e2e/dashboard.spec.ts

@@ -174,6 +174,36 @@ test('manages a task and reads a real run log', async ({ page, request }) => {
   await expect(page.getByText('还没有任务')).toBeVisible()
 })
 
+test('switches script language and adapts the form fields', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.goto('/')
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: '+ 新建任务' }).click()
+  const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: '新建定时任务' })
+  await expect(dialog).toBeVisible()
+
+  await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Python', exact: true }).click()
+  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'Shell (cmd)' }).click()
+  await expect(dialog.getByText(/虚拟环境目录/)).toHaveCount(0)
+  await expect(dialog.getByLabel('批处理文件或相对路径')).toHaveValue('run.bat')
+  await expect(dialog.locator('.cli-line-cmd')).toContainText(
+    'cmd.exe /C run.bat',
+  )
+
+  await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Shell (cmd)' }).click()
+  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'Node.js' }).click()
+  await expect(dialog.getByLabel('JavaScript 文件或相对路径')).toHaveValue(
+    'index.js',
+  )
+  await expect(dialog.locator('.cli-line-cmd')).toContainText(
+    'node.exe index.js',
+  )
+
+  await page.screenshot({
+    path: 'test-results/dashboard-script-language.png',
+    fullPage: true,
+  })
+  await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: '取消' }).click()
+})
+
 test('keeps the dashboard usable on a narrow viewport', async ({
   page,
   request,

frontend/src/App.css

@@ -297,6 +297,20 @@
   grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.4fr) minmax(0, 0.9fr);
 }
 
+.language-grid {
+  align-items: start;
+}
+
+.language-hint {
+  display: flex;
+  min-height: 36px;
+  align-items: center;
+  border: 1px solid var(--su-border);
+  border-radius: var(--su-radius-md);
+  padding: 8px 12px;
+  background-color: var(--su-bg-subtle);
+}
+
 .form-select {
   width: 100%;
 }

frontend/src/api/generated.ts

@@ -469,6 +469,8 @@ export interface components {
             next_run_at?: string | null;
             task_id: string;
         };
+        /** @enum {string} */
+        ScriptLanguage: "python" | "shell" | "node" | "lua";
         SessionResponse: {
             /** @description Random per-process token required for mutating browser requests. */
             token: string;
@@ -479,6 +481,7 @@ export interface components {
                 [key: string]: string;
             };
             interpreter: string;
+            language?: components["schemas"]["ScriptLanguage"] | null;
             script: string;
             /** @enum {string} */
             type: "script";

frontend/src/components/TaskEditorModal.tsx

@@ -36,9 +36,11 @@ import { DirectoryPickerDialog } from './DirectoryPickerDialog'
 import {
   createEmptyTaskFormValues,
   mapServerFieldToFormField,
+  SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META,
   taskFormSchema,
   taskToFormValues,
   type KeyValueFormValue,
+  type ScriptLanguage,
   type TaskFormValues,
 } from '../lib/taskForm'
 import { useDebouncedValue } from '../lib/useDebouncedValue'
@@ -52,11 +54,17 @@ interface TaskEditorModalProps {
 }
 
 const ACTION_TYPE_OPTIONS = [
-  { value: 'script', label: '执行脚本 (Python / Shell / Node / Lua)' },
+  { value: 'script', label: '执行脚本' },
   { value: 'http', label: '发起 HTTP 请求' },
-  { value: 'process', label: '管理常驻/独立二进制' },
+  { value: 'process', label: '运行二进制程序' },
 ]
 
+const SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_OPTIONS = (
+  Object.entries(SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META) as Array<
+    [ScriptLanguage, (typeof SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META)[ScriptLanguage]]
+  >
+).map(([value, meta]) => ({ value, label: meta.label }))
+
 const HTTP_METHOD_OPTIONS = [
   { value: 'GET', label: 'GET' },
   { value: 'POST', label: 'POST' },
@@ -109,6 +117,9 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
   const cronValue = watch('cron')
   const timezoneValue = watch('timezone')
   const scriptPreview = watch('script')
+  const scriptLanguage = scriptPreview.language
+  const scriptMeta = SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META[scriptLanguage]
+  const isPythonScript = scriptLanguage === 'python'
   // 当前只开放 Asia/Shanghai；编辑旧任务时把它已有的时区也保留成一个选项，
   // 避免下拉显示成空值。
   const timezoneOptions = Array.from(
@@ -147,12 +158,42 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
       Boolean(debouncedTimezone.trim()),
     retry: false,
   })
+  const applyScriptLanguage = (language: ScriptLanguage) => {
+    const meta = SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META[language]
+    const currentScript = getValues('script.script').trim()
+    const knownDefaults = Object.values(SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META).map(
+      (item) => item.defaultScript,
+    )
+    setValue('script.language', language, {
+      shouldDirty: true,
+      shouldValidate: true,
+    })
+    setValue('script.interpreter', meta.defaultInterpreter, {
+      shouldDirty: true,
+      shouldValidate: true,
+    })
+    if (!currentScript || knownDefaults.includes(currentScript)) {
+      setValue('script.script', meta.defaultScript, {
+        shouldDirty: true,
+        shouldValidate: true,
+      })
+    }
+    if (language !== 'python') {
+      setValue('script.venv', '', {
+        shouldDirty: true,
+        shouldValidate: true,
+      })
+      autoVenvRef.current = ''
+    }
+  }
+
   const venvProbe = useQuery({
     queryKey: [
       'python-venv',
       debouncedWorkingDir,
       debouncedInterpreter,
       debouncedVenv,
+      scriptLanguage,
     ],
     queryFn: ({ signal }) =>
       probePythonVenv(
@@ -164,7 +205,10 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
         signal,
       ),
     enabled:
-      open && actionType === 'script' && Boolean(debouncedWorkingDir.trim()),
+      open &&
+      actionType === 'script' &&
+      isPythonScript &&
+      Boolean(debouncedWorkingDir.trim()),
     retry: false,
     staleTime: 15_000,
   })
@@ -185,10 +229,16 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
     },
     onError: (error) => toast.error(error.message),
   })
-  const linkedVenv = venvProbe.data?.status === 'linked' ? venvProbe.data : null
-  const previewVirtualEnv =
-    scriptPreview.venv.trim() || linkedVenv?.venv_path || ''
-  const previewInterpreter = linkedVenv?.display_path ?? null
+  const linkedVenv =
+    isPythonScript && venvProbe.data?.status === 'linked'
+      ? venvProbe.data
+      : null
+  const previewVirtualEnv = isPythonScript
+    ? scriptPreview.venv.trim() || linkedVenv?.venv_path || ''
+    : ''
+  const previewInterpreter = isPythonScript
+    ? (linkedVenv?.display_path ?? null)
+    : null
 
   const scriptArgs = useFieldArray({ control, name: 'script.args' })
   const scriptEnv = useFieldArray({ control, name: 'script.env' })
@@ -220,7 +270,7 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
 
   // 探测到虚拟环境就自动填进「虚拟环境目录」，但用户自己改过就保留用户的值。
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!open) {
+    if (!open || !isPythonScript) {
       return
     }
     const probe = venvProbe.data
@@ -245,7 +295,7 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
       shouldDirty: true,
       shouldValidate: true,
     })
-  }, [debouncedVenv, debouncedWorkingDir, getValues, open, setValue, venvProbe.data])
+  }, [debouncedVenv, debouncedWorkingDir, getValues, isPythonScript, open, setValue, venvProbe.data])
 
   // 打开后把焦点给第一个可编辑字段：新建时是任务标识，编辑时 ID 已锁定，跳名称。
   // 原生 dialog 默认聚焦关闭按钮，不符合编辑表单的节奏。
@@ -475,6 +525,32 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
           </FormField>
         </div>
 
+        {actionType === 'script' ? (
+          <div className="form-grid language-grid">
+            <FormField label="脚本语言">
+              <Controller
+                control={control}
+                name="script.language"
+                render={({ field }) => (
+                  <Select
+                    className="form-select"
+                    options={SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_OPTIONS}
+                    value={field.value}
+                    onChange={(value) =>
+                      applyScriptLanguage(value as ScriptLanguage)
+                    }
+                  />
+                )}
+              />
+            </FormField>
+            <div className="language-hint">
+              <Text size="sm" tone="sub">
+                {scriptMeta.hint}
+              </Text>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        ) : null}
+
         {actionType === 'script' ? (
           <div className="dynamic-fields">
             <FormField
@@ -502,6 +578,8 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
               </div>
             </FormField>
 
+            {isPythonScript ? (
+              <>
                 <div className="form-grid venv-grid">
                   <FormField
                     label="虚拟环境目录 (可选)"
@@ -519,7 +597,7 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                   <FormField
                     label="解释器（可选）"
                     htmlFor="task-interpreter"
-                hint="Python 项目留空即可，自动使用虚拟环境里的 Python；Node / Shell 等再填"
+                    hint="留空自动使用虚拟环境 Python；也可以填自定义 Python 路径"
                     error={errors.script?.interpreter?.message}
                   >
                     <Input
@@ -541,9 +619,11 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                     createVenvMutation.mutate(scriptPreview.working_dir.trim())
                   }
                 />
+              </>
+            ) : null}
 
             <FormField
-              label="脚本文件或相对路径"
+              label={scriptMeta.scriptLabel}
               htmlFor="task-script"
               error={errors.script?.script?.message}
             >
@@ -551,7 +631,7 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                 id="task-script"
                 {...register('script.script')}
                 className="mono-input"
-                placeholder="main.py 或 scripts\sync.py"
+                placeholder={scriptMeta.scriptPlaceholder}
               />
             </FormField>
 
@@ -637,9 +717,11 @@ export function TaskEditorModal({
                     </div>
                   ))}
                 <div className="cli-line-cmd">
-                  {formatInterpreterPreview(scriptPreview, previewInterpreter)}{' '}
-                  {scriptPreview.script.trim() || 'main.py'}
-                  {formatArgumentPreview(scriptPreview.args)}
+                  {formatScriptCommandPreview(
+                    scriptPreview,
+                    previewInterpreter,
+                    scriptLanguage,
+                  )}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -877,12 +959,53 @@ function venvFieldValue(workingDir: string, venvPath: string): string {
 
 function formatInterpreterPreview(
   script: TaskFormValues['script'],
-  linkedPythonPath?: string | null,
+  linkedPythonPath: string | null | undefined,
+  language: ScriptLanguage,
 ): string {
-  if (script.venv.trim()) {
+  if (language === 'python' && script.venv.trim()) {
     return `${script.venv.trim().replace(/[\\/]+$/, '')}\\Scripts\\python.exe`
   }
-  return linkedPythonPath ?? (script.interpreter.trim() || 'python.exe')
+  if (linkedPythonPath) {
+    return linkedPythonPath
+  }
+  if (script.interpreter.trim()) {
+    return script.interpreter.trim()
+  }
+  return language === 'python'
+    ? 'python.exe'
+    : SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META[language].defaultInterpreter
+}
+
+function isCmdInterpreter(interpreter: string): boolean {
+  return (
+    interpreter
+      .trim()
+      .split(/[\\/]/)
+      .pop()
+      ?.toLowerCase()
+      .replace(/\.exe$/, '') === 'cmd'
+  )
+}
+
+function formatScriptCommandPreview(
+  script: TaskFormValues['script'],
+  linkedPythonPath: string | null | undefined,
+  language: ScriptLanguage,
+): string {
+  const interpreter = formatInterpreterPreview(
+    script,
+    linkedPythonPath,
+    language,
+  )
+  const file =
+    script.script.trim() || SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META[language].defaultScript
+  const cmdPrefix =
+    language === 'shell' &&
+    isCmdInterpreter(script.interpreter) &&
+    !file.startsWith('/')
+      ? '/C '
+      : ''
+  return `${interpreter} ${cmdPrefix}${file}${formatArgumentPreview(script.args)}`
 }
 
 interface VenvDetectorBarProps {

frontend/src/lib/taskForm.test.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,26 @@ describe('task form payload', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  it('submits the selected script language and interpreter', () => {
+    const values = createEmptyTaskFormValues()
+    values.id = 'shell_task'
+    values.name = 'Shell task'
+    values.script.language = 'shell'
+    values.script.working_dir = 'D:\\Projects\\shell-task'
+    values.script.interpreter = 'cmd.exe'
+    values.script.script = 'run.bat'
+
+    const payload = valuesToCreateRequest(values)
+
+    expect(payload.action).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'script',
+      language: 'shell',
+      working_dir: 'D:\\Projects\\shell-task',
+      interpreter: 'cmd.exe',
+      script: 'run.bat',
+    })
+  })
+
   it('creates an HTTP action instead of forcing script type', () => {
     const values = createEmptyTaskFormValues()
     values.id = 'health_check'

frontend/src/lib/taskForm.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,75 @@ export interface KeyValueFormValue {
   value: string
 }
 
+export type ScriptLanguage = 'python' | 'shell' | 'node' | 'lua'
+
+export const SCRIPT_LANGUAGE_META: Record<
+  ScriptLanguage,
+  {
+    label: string
+    defaultInterpreter: string
+    defaultScript: string
+    scriptLabel: string
+    scriptPlaceholder: string
+    hint: string
+  }
+> = {
+  python: {
+    label: 'Python',
+    defaultInterpreter: '',
+    defaultScript: 'main.py',
+    scriptLabel: '脚本文件或相对路径',
+    scriptPlaceholder: 'main.py 或 scripts\\sync.py',
+    hint: '优先复用项目 .venv；没有环境时可用 uv 从 pyproject.toml / requirements.txt 创建，运行时会注入虚拟环境变量。',
+  },
+  shell: {
+    label: 'Shell (cmd)',
+    defaultInterpreter: 'cmd.exe',
+    defaultScript: 'run.bat',
+    scriptLabel: '批处理文件或相对路径',
+    scriptPlaceholder: 'run.bat 或 scripts\\start.cmd',
+    hint: '通过 cmd.exe /C 执行批处理文件，不需要虚拟环境。',
+  },
+  node: {
+    label: 'Node.js',
+    defaultInterpreter: 'node.exe',
+    defaultScript: 'index.js',
+    scriptLabel: 'JavaScript 文件或相对路径',
+    scriptPlaceholder: 'index.js 或 scripts\\worker.js',
+    hint: '通过 node.exe 执行脚本，不需要虚拟环境；需要本机 PATH 中已安装 Node.js。',
+  },
+  lua: {
+    label: 'Lua',
+    defaultInterpreter: 'lua.exe',
+    defaultScript: 'main.lua',
+    scriptLabel: 'Lua 文件或相对路径',
+    scriptPlaceholder: 'main.lua 或 scripts\\task.lua',
+    hint: '通过 lua.exe 执行脚本，不需要虚拟环境；需要本机 PATH 中已安装 Lua。',
+  },
+}
+
+export function detectScriptLanguage(interpreter: string): ScriptLanguage {
+  const name = interpreter
+    .trim()
+    .split(/[\\/]/)
+    .pop()
+    ?.toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/\.exe$/, '')
+  if (name === 'node' || name === 'nodejs') {
+    return 'node'
+  }
+  if (name?.startsWith('lua')) {
+    return 'lua'
+  }
+  if (
+    name &&
+    ['cmd', 'powershell', 'pwsh', 'bash', 'sh', 'zsh'].includes(name)
+  ) {
+    return 'shell'
+  }
+  return 'python'
+}
+
 export interface TaskFormValues {
   id: string
   name: string
@@ -23,6 +92,7 @@ export interface TaskFormValues {
   script: {
     working_dir: string
     venv: string
+    language: ScriptLanguage
     interpreter: string
     script: string
     args: KeyValueFormValue[]
@@ -88,6 +158,7 @@ export const taskFormSchema = z
     script: z.object({
       working_dir: z.string(),
       venv: z.string(),
+      language: z.enum(['python', 'shell', 'node', 'lua']),
       interpreter: z.string(),
       script: z.string(),
       args: z.array(keyValueSchema),
@@ -164,6 +235,7 @@ export function createEmptyTaskFormValues(): TaskFormValues {
     script: {
       working_dir: '',
       venv: '',
+      language: 'python',
       interpreter: '',
       script: 'main.py',
       args: [],
@@ -196,9 +268,11 @@ export function taskToFormValues(task: Task): TaskFormValues {
   values.actionType = task.action.type
 
   if (task.action.type === 'script') {
+    const language = task.action.language ?? detectScriptLanguage(task.action.interpreter)
     values.script = {
       working_dir: task.action.working_dir,
-      venv: task.action.venv ?? '',
+      venv: language === 'python' ? (task.action.venv ?? '') : '',
+      language,
       interpreter: task.action.interpreter,
       script: task.action.script,
       args: argsToRows(task.action.args ?? []),
@@ -238,6 +312,7 @@ export function valuesToAction(values: TaskFormValues): TaskAction {
       type: 'script',
       working_dir: values.script.working_dir.trim(),
       venv: values.script.venv.trim() || null,
+      language: values.script.language,
       interpreter: values.script.interpreter.trim(),
       script: values.script.script.trim(),
       args: argumentsToArray(values.script.args),